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Macf&rlane 


Commercial  Museum 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 


Copyright,  1903,  by 

THE  PHILADELPHIA  MUSEUMS 

All  rights  reserved 


The  World's  Commerce 


and 


American  Industries 


Graphically  Illustrated  by  Eighty-six 
Charts. 


PREPARED  BY 

JOHN  J.'MACFARLANE,  A.  M., 

Librarian, 
Philadelphia  Commercial  Museum. 


PUBLISHED    BY 

THE  PHILADELPHIA  COMMERCIAL  MUSEUM. 

PHILADELPHIA,   PA. 
1  903. 


UNIVERSITY 
or 


THE  FOLLOWING  CHARTS  illustrate  the  progress  and 
present  condition  of  the  commerce  of  the  world,  of  the 
manufacturing  industries  of  the  United  States,  and  of  British  and 
American  shipping. 

This  graphic  method  shows  more  clearly  than  statistics  alone 
would  do,  what  proportion  of  the  world's  trade  belongs  to  each  of 
the  principal  nations,  and  the  relative  importance,  from  a  manufac- 
turing standpoint,  of  the  leading  cities  of  the  United  States. 

An  alphabetical  list  of  the  cities  of  the  United  States,  having 
an  output  of  over  $20,000,000  of  manufactured  goods,  according 
to  the  census  of  1900,  is  also  given  with  the  leading  industries  of 
each  city. 


125306 


Chart  i  gives  the  commerce  of  the  world,  by  grand  divisions, 
for  the  year  1900.  It  shows  that  Europe  has  two-thirds  of  the 
world's  commerce,  United  Kingdom  one-fifth,  Germany  one-eighth, 
and  United  States  one- tenth.  Charts  2  to  7  give  the  commerce  of 
the  grand  divisions  by  countries.  The  United  States  alone  has 
more  commerce  than  the  whole  of  Asia,  and  twice  as  much  as 
either  Oceania,  South  America  or  Africa. 

Charts  8  to  20  give  the  import  trade  of  the  leading  countries 
in  each  grand  division.  The  United  States  is  first  in  the  value  of 
imports  into  the  United  Kingdom,  Germany,  Canada  and  Mexico, 
and  is  second  in  the  value  of  imports  into  France  and  Japan. 
More  than  two-thirds  of  the  imports  into  Canada,  and  over  one- 
half  of  those  into  Mexico  are  from  the  United  States.  The  United 
Kingdom  is  first  in  the  value  of  imports  into  France,  Japan,  Cape 
Colony,  Egypt,  United  States,  Argentina,  Chile  and  Australia,  and 
is  second  in  the  value  of  imports  into  Germany,  China,  Canada  and 
Mexico.  Germany  is  second  in  the  value  of  imports  into  Argentina 
and  Chile.  Hongkong  has  about  40  per  cent,  of  the  import  trade 
of  China.  It  is  a  free  port,  belonging  to  Great  Britain;  goods  from 
all  nations  are  landed  there,  and  afterwards  reshipped  to  China  and 
other  Oriental  countries. 


Commerce  of  the  World  ir  1900 

Aggregate  of  Imports  and  Exports 

$21,784,000,000 


Africa 


id 


I 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 

Imports.  Exports.  Total. 

United  Kingdom 2.545  1,416  3,961 

Germany  .    .    . 1,372  1,157  2,529 

France 906  800  1,706 

Other  Europe 3-341  2,697  6,038 

United  States 829  1,453  2,282 

Other  North  America 412  407  819 

South  America 324  497  821 

Asia 1,018  970  1,988 

Oceania 434  468  902 

Africa 448  290  738 


Commerce  of  Europe  in  1900 

Aggregate  of  Imports  and  Exports 
$14,234,000,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 

Imports.  Exports  Total. 

United  Kingdom 2,545  1,416  3.961 

Germany 1,372  1,157  2,529 

France  . 906  800  1,706 

Netherlands 798  687  1,485 

Belgium 431  374  805 

Austria-Hungary 343  393  736 

Russia 334  278  612 

Italy 330  260  590 

Other  countries 1,105  7°5  1,810 


Commerce  of  Asia  in  1900 

Aggregate  of  Imports  and  Exports 

$1,988,000,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 

Imports.  Exports.  Total. 

India 342  395  737 

Straits  Settlements 152  127  279 

China 156  in  267 

Japan        150  100  250 

Dutch  East  Indies 78  104  182 

Ceylon - 39  35  74 

Other  countries 101  98  199 


Commerce  of  Africa  in  1900 

Aggregate  of  Imports  and  Exports 

$738,000,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 

Imports.  Exports.  Total. 

70  83  153 

95  39  J34 

126  52  IjS 

60  44  104 

....    43  29  72 

25  17  42 

26  55 


Egypt 

Cape  Colony          

Other  British  Africa 

Algeria 

Other  French  Africa . 

Portuguese  Africa 

Other  Africa 29 


Commerce  of  North  America  in  1900 

Aggregate  of  Imports  and  Exports 

$3,101,000,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 

Imports.  Exports.  Total. 

United  States 829  M53  2,282 

Canada 180  196  376 

Mexico 6r  70  131 

Cuba 66  49  115 

Other  countries 105  92  197 


10 


Commerce  of  South  America  in  190O 

Aggregate  of  Imports  and  Exports 

$821,000,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 

Imports.  Exports.  Total. 

Argentine  Republic 109  154  263 

Brazil 84  162  246 

Chile ,47  bi  108 

Uruguay 23  29  52 

Peru ii  21  32 

Other  countries 50  70  120 


II 


Commerce  of  Oceania  in  1900 

Aggregate  of  Imports  and  Exports 
$902,000,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


Australia  (including  inter-state  trade) 

New  Zealand 

Hawaii 

Philippine  Islands 

Other  Oceania 


Imports. 

•  337 
.     52 

•  19 

.      20 

6 


Kx  ports. 

354 
64 

22 
20 

8 


Total. 
69I 
116 

41 
40 


12 


Commerce  of  United  Kingdom  in  1901 

Imports  by  Countries 

$2,540,000,000 


United  States 
France .    .    . 
Netherlands 
Germany  .    . 
British  India 
Belgium   .    . 
Australia  .    . 
Russia  .    .    . 
Canada 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


.  686.3  Denmark 70.3 

.  249.2  Spain 68.3 

.  159.9  Argentine  Republic 60.4 

.  156.7  Egypt 57.9 

.  133.3  New  Zealand 51.6 

120.0  Sweden 47.6 

.  117.9  Straits  Settlements 29.7 

.  106.6  Norway 27.1 

.    96.6  All  other  countries   .    .    .    .-.300.6 


13 

Commerce  of  Germany  in  1900 

Imports  by  Countries 

$1,372,000,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


United  States 238.8 

United  Kingdom 171.0 

Austria-Hungary 167.6 

Russia 162.6 

France 72.0 

Argentine  Republic 55.3 

British  East  Indies    .....    53.4 
Belgium 51.2 


Holland 49.7 

Italy 43.0 

Switzerland 38.7 

Australia  and  New  Zealand  .  27.9 

Brazil 26.8 

Sweden 24.8 

All  other  countries 189.2 


Commerce  of  France  in  1900 

Imports  by  Countries 

,000,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


United  Kingdom 130.0 

United  States 98.3 

Germany 82.4 

Belgium 81.4 

Argentine  Republic 54.9 

Russia 44.6 

Spain ..    .  42.4 

French  Possessions 38.1 


Algeria ..... 

China        

British  India  .    .    . 

Italy 

Turkey 

Switzerland .... 
All  other  countries 


32.0 
31.0 
29.7 
28.6 
20.8 
20. 6 
171.2 


15 

Commerce  of  China  in  1900 

Imports  by  Countries 

$156,000,000 


11 


Hongkong     .    .    . 
United  Kingdom 

Japan  

India  . 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 
65.9 


.  18.0 
.  n.8 


United  States  .  . 
Russia  (Europe)  . 
All  other  countries 


II. 7 

2-9 

13-8 


i6 

Commerce  of  Japan  in  1900 

Imports  by  Countries 
$150,000,000 


United  Kingdom    . 
United  States    .    .    . 

China 

Germany 

British  East  Indies . 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars  ) 


.  36.3  Hongkong     .    .    . 

.  32.0  Korea 

.  17.9  France , 

.  14.5  Belgium 

.11.9  All  other  countries 


5-6 

4-3 
4.0 

3-9 
19.6 


17 

Commerce  of  Cape  Colony  in  1900 

Imports  by  Countries 
$95,000  ooo 


United  Kingdom  . 

Australia 

United  States     .    . 
All  other  countries 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


63 
9 

8 

15 


1 8 

Commerce  of  Egypt  in  1900 

Imports  by  Countries 

,700,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


United  Kingdom 27.0 

Turkey 10.9 

France  and  Algeria 6.4 


Austria-Hungary 4.4 

British  East  Indies 3.4 

All  other  countries 17.6 


19 

Commerce  of  Canada  in  1900 

Imports  by  Countries 

$180,700,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


United  States  .  . 
United  Kingdom  . 
Germany  .... 
All  other  countries 


109.8 
44-8 

8-3 

27.8 


Commerce  of  Mexico  in  1900 

Imports  by  Countries 

$61,000,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


United  States  ........................ 

United  Kingdom   .............  Io 


.0 


France 

Germany.    . 

Spain     ..................    .........  2.9 

All  other  countries    .....................    .   .   .    .    .      3^4 


6-7 
6.6 


21 


Commerce  of  Argentina  in  1900 

Imports  by  Countries 

$109,500,000 


United  Kingdom 
Germany  .... 

Italy 

United  States .    . 
France  . 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


37-3 

16.0 

14.4 
12.9 
10.5 


Belgium 

Brazil 

Spain 

All  other  countries 


8.1 
3-8 
3-5 
3-o 


22 


Commerce  of  Chile  in  1900 

Imports  by  Countries 

$47,000,000 


18 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


United  Kingdom  .    . 

Germany 

United  States .    .    .    . 

Australia 

France  

Peru 

All  other  countries    . 


15-4 

12.5 

4-3 

3-3 
3-3 
2.4 

5-8 


23 

Commerce  of  Australia  in  1900 

Imports  by  Countries,  excluding  Inter-State  Trade 

$206,400,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


United  Kingdom . 
United  States  .    .    . 

Germany 

New  Zealand  .    .    . 

India 

France 

Belgium 

All  other  countries 


123.6 

24-3 
13.2 

9-2 
5-2 
2.7 

2.6 

25.6 


24 

Commerce  of  United  States  in  1901 

Imports  by  Countries 

$880,000,000 


/ill 


Brit.  India 


o-'Acv 


20 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


United  Kingdom 155 


Germany 
France    .... 

Brazil 

British  India     . 

Cuba 

Canada  .... 

Japan 

Mexico  .... 

Italy 

Netherlands  .    . 
Chinese  Empire 


99 

81 

79 
47 
46 

45 
36 
35 
27 

21 

18 


Switzerland 16 

Dutch  East  Indies 15 

Belgium 14 

British  West  Indies 12 

Austria-Hungary 10 

Argentine  Republic 9 

Chile 9 

Egypt 

Venezuela 7 

Spain ...  7 

All  other  countries 84 


Chart  21  shows  the  progress  of  the  world's  commerce  since 
1850.  It  will  be  noticed  that  the  largest  percentage  of  increase,  in 
any  decade,  was  from  1850  to  1860. 

Foreign  commerce,  as  we  consider  it,  was  almost  unknown  a 
century  and  a  half  ago.  In  1800,  the  world's  commerce  was  about 
equal  to  that  of  the  United  States  in  1880,  and  even  in  1850,  it  was 
less  than  that  of  the  United  Kingdom  in  1900.  Since  1850  the 
world's  commerce  has  increased  so  rapidly  that  it  is  now  six  times 
as  large  as  it  was  then. 

Charts  22,  23,  and  24  show  the  progress  of  the  United  States,  the 
United  Kingdom,  and  Germany  by  decades;  the  latter  only  since 
1870,  because,  prior  to  that,  there  was  no  German  Empire,  and  the 
combined  statistics  of  the  various  states  are  not  available.  It  will 
be  seen  in  chart  22  that  the  United  States  commerce  has  increased 
since  1850,  until  it  is  now  seven  times  as  great  as  it  was  then.  The 
largest  percentage  of  increase,  for  the  United  States,  was  in  the 
decade  from  1850  to  1860.  In  chart  23  it  will  be  seen  that  the  per- 
centage of  increase  of  the  United  Kingdom  has  been  less  than  that 
of  the  other  two  nations,  and  it  was  largest  from  1850  to  1860. 
Taking  the  period  from  1870  to  1900  United  States  trade  increased 
173  per  cent.,  German  trade  144  per  cent.,  and  British  trade  50  per 
cent. 


26 


Commerce  of  the  World  since  1850 


Aggregate  of  Imports 
and  Exports 

(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars). 


3,800 


1850 


7,200 


1860 


10,500 


1870 


14,500 


1880 


16,800 


1890 


21,784 


1900 


21 


27 

Commerce  of  the  United  States  since  1830 

Aggregate  of  imports  and  Exports 

(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


134 


1830 


22 


1840 


318 


1850 


687 


1860 


1870 


1,504 


1880 


1,647 


1890 


2,244 


i  goo 


Commerce  of  the 

United  Kingdom 

since  1850 


28 


810 


Aggregate 

of 
Imports 

and 
Exports 

In  Millions  of 
Dollars 


1,820 


1850 


1860 


2,630 


1870 


3,350 


1880 


3,557 


1890 


3,961 


1900 


23 


Commerce  of  Germany  since  1870 

Aggregate  of  Imports  and  Exports 

(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars). 


1,386 


1880 


1,828 


1890 


2,529 


1900 


Charts  25,  26  and  27  are  on  the  same  scale,  and  give  the  im- 
ports and  exports  of  the  United  States,  United  Kingdom,  and  Ger- 
many, by  countries,  so  that  the  relative  value  of  the  imports  and 
exports  can  be  readily  seen.  In  chart  26  it  is  shown  that  the  United 
Kingdom  buys  more  from  the  United  States  than  from  all  its  colo- 
nies. In  chart  25  it  is  seen  that  our  best  customer  is  the  United 
Kingdom,  followed  by  Germany,  Canada,  and  the  Netherlands,  and 
that  we  sell  much  more  to  these  countries  than  they  do  to  us,  while 
the  reverse  is  the  case  with  France,  Brazil,  Japan,  and  Cuba.  Chart 
27  shows  that  Germany  buys  more  from  us  than  we  buy  from  them. 
This  is  one  of  the  causes  of  complaint  in  Germany  against  the 
United  States  tariffs,  yet  we  can  do  better  without  the  things  Ger- 
many furnishes  us  than  they  can  without  the  goods  we  furnish 
them.  During  the  ten  years  from  1891  to  1901,  the  largest  increase 
in  the  value  of  imports  was:  the  United  Kingdom,  $421,000,000; 
Germany,  $303,000,000;  and  Netherlands,  $279,000,000.  The 
largest  increase  in  the  value  of  exports  was:  the  United  States, 
$340,000,000;  Germany,  $299,000,000;  the  United  Kingdom,  $274,- 
000,000;  and  the  Netherlands,  $236,000,000.  The  largest  percent- 
age of  increase  was  in  the  less  developed  regions.  Cape  Colony, 
Argentina,  Egypt,  and  Russia  have  the  largest  percentage  of  in- 
crease in  the  value  of  imports,  while  Japan,  Canada,  Mexico,  and 
Argentina  have  the  largest  percentage  of  increase  in  the  value  of 
exports. 


Commerce  of  the  United  States  in  1902,  for  fiscal 
year  ending  June  30. 

Imports  and  Exports  by  Countries. 

(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


/4ft 


Imports 
Exports 


Sr 


m  Other 
J  Countries 


Mexico 

Brittsh 
£".  Indies 

Brazil 

Japan 

Chile 


Cuba 

7|  British 
25Lj  Africa 
British 
Australasia 

Italy 

Belgium 

France 

Netherlands 
Canada 


German 


Y 


5481 


I6S  11   ft 


25 


32 

Commerce  of  the  United  Kingdom  in  19O1 

Imports  and  Exports  by  Countries 

(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


Imports 
Exports 


A/ewZealand 

British 
South  Africa 
Argentine 
Republic 


Denmark 


Spain 
Canada 

Russia 


/33 


Belgium 
^  Australia 
India 


160  Holland 

6*7  I I 


157 


German  y 

France 
British 


£13 1 

,537lH  _l  Possessions 

ff&&  ^^^^  i    //     Q 

/A3L  J         ' 


26 


33 

Commerce  of  Germany  in  1900. 

Imports  and  Exports  by  Countries 

(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


Zd  M  Dutch.  East 
£?lj  Indies 

vjft  Chile 
g  Sweden 
y       Brazil 


/  win  Australia  fr 

Imports  ii.su  A/ewZeatand 

Exports  wOr^i  Switzerland 

Italy 
Holland 


Belgium 

British 
5.  Indies 
Argentine 
Republic 

France 

Russia 
(Europe*  Asia) 

Austria  - 
Hungary 

%  U.  K. 


O 

104.6 

27 


34 


Charts  28  and  29  are  drawn  on  the  same  scale  in  order  to  show 
the  comparative  value  of  the  products  of  the  farm  and  the  factory. 
In  1900,  the  value  of  farm  products  was  142  per  cent,  greater  than 
in  1870,  and  the  value  of  manufactured  products  was  207  per  cent, 
greater.  The  value  of  the  exports  of  agricultural  products  was 
131  per  cent,  greater,  and  the  value  of  the  exports  of  manufactured 
products  was  536  per  cent,  greater  in  1900  than  in  1870.  In  com- 
paring the  value  of  the  exports  of  manufactured  products  with  the 
total  production,  it  is  more  correct  to  use  the  shaded  blocks,  as 
these  include  all  items  of  export,  which  are  considered  manufac- 
tured products,  in  the  census  statistics.  The  shaded  block,  in  1900, 
shows  that  only  about  6  per  cent,  of  all  our  manufactured  products 
are  exported.  Consumption,  in  this  country,  has  grown  almost  as 
rapidly  as  production.  This  is  largely  due  to  high  wages  and  the 
increased  purchasing  power  arising  therefrom.  The  necessity  for 
foreign  trade,  however,  is  becoming  yearly  more  apparent  because 
of  the  rapid  and  enormous  increase  of  the  productive  capacity  of 
our  manufacturing  industries,  which,  in  1850,  was  only  $40.93  per 
capita,  but  in  1900  was  $170  42  per  capita.  There  are  no  statistics 
available,  for  the  year  1900,  showing  the  manufactured  products  of 
the  larger  nations,  but  if  we  take  estimates  made  for  1896  as  a  test, 
we  find  that  the  United  States  manufactured  over  twice  as  much  as 
the  United  Kingdom,  and  more  than  France,  Germany,  Russia,  and 
Austria  combined.  There  is  little  doubt  that  the  present  amounts, 
if  known,  would  make  as  favorable  a  showing  for  the  United  States. 
While  it  is  true  that  in  manufacturing  we  outrank  other  nations, 
when  it  comes  to  foreign  commerce  this  is  not  the  case.  If  we  con- 
sider the  per  capita  imports  and  exports  of  the  leading  nations,  we 
will  find  that  the  United  States  does  not  hold  as  high  a  rank  as 
many  smaller  nations.  Our  imports  in  1901  amounted  to  $11.80 
per  capita,  while  those  of  the  Netherlands  amounted  to  $159.80; 
Belgium,  $64.90;  Switzerland,  $61.00;  United  Kingdom,  $61.00, 
and  Australia,  55.00  per  capita.  In  exports,  the  United  States  per 
capita,  in  1901,  was  $17.80,  while  that  of  the  Netherlands  was 
$136.40;  Australia,  $65.30;  Belgium,  $53.40,  and  Switzerland, 
$48.90.  The  nations  having  the  lowest  per  capita  of  imports  and 
exports  in  1901  were: 

China Imports,  $0.50  per  capita.  Exports,  $0.31  per  capita. 

India .80        "  1.30 

Japan 2.90  280 

Russia 3-°°  3-4° 

Mexico ,  "          4-70        "  5-70 


35 

United  States  Production  and  Export 

In  Census  Years 
Farm  Products  and  Agricultural  Exports. 


1870 


1880 


1890 


1900 


Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars 


1958 


2212 


2360 


4739 


835 


28 


The  larger  blocks  represent  farm  products  and  the  smaller  agricultural  exports. 


United  States    Production  and  Export — In  Census  Years 

Manufactured 
Products 


VALUES  IN  MILLIONS  OF  DOLLARS 

n       Exports  according  to 
Treasury    Department 
Classification. 

'MMM\  Exports  of  Manufac- 
^/"//A  tured  Products  accord- 
ing to  Census  Department 
Classification. 


This  classification  includes 
flour,  packed  meats,  vegeta- 
ble oils, factory-made  butter, 
cheese,  and   other  products 
included  under  head  of  Agri- 
cultural Exports,  as  well  as 
lumber  and  other  manufac- 
tured articlesincluded  under 
head   of   Products    of    the 
Forests,  Mines,  or  Fisher- 
ies in  the  Statistics  of  the 
United  States  Treasury  De- 
partment. 


493 


$1,019 

17 


1850 


1,885 

40 


1860 


4,232 


68 


1870 


5,369 


1880 


9,372 


[890 


13,004 


1900 


37 


Chart  30  groups  United  States  agricultural  exports  according 
to  the  sources  of  production,  while  charts  31  and  32  show  the  des- 
tination of  the  exports  of  agricultural  and  manufactured  products, 
by  grand  divisions. 

Chart  33  shows  the  principal  articles  of  domestic  manufacture 
exported.  While  the  United  States  leads  in  the  export  of  domestic 
products,  it  is  below  the  United  Kingdom  and  Germany  in  the  value 
of  the  exports  of  manufactured  goods;  but  the  increase  in  the  ex- 
ports of  manufactured  goods  from  the  United  States  during  the  last 
ten  years  has  been  greater,  both  in  amount  and  percentage,  than 
that  of  its  three  largest  competitors — the  United  Kingdom,  Ger- 
many, and  France. 


Charts  34-84  illustrate  the  production  and  exports  of  the 
manufactured  products  of  the  United  States. 

Chart  34  gives  the  comparative  value  of  the  leading  classes  of 
manufactured  products  according  to  the  census  of  1900.  Food  and 
kindred  products  lead,  in  the  value  of  the  output,  in  the  census 
year,  followed  by  iron  and  steel  and  their  products,  and  by  textiles. 
Hand  trades  come  next,  followed  by  lumber  and  its  manufactures. 


38 

United  States  Exports  in  1901 

Fiscal  Year  ending  June  30 
Grouped  according  to  Sources  of  Production 

$1,460,400,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


Agriculture ... 

Manufactures .    . 

Forest 

Mining 

All  other  exports 


•  943-8 

.  412  2 

•  543 

•  37-9 

12.2 


39 

United  States  Exports  in  1901 

Fiscal  Year  ending  June  30 
Agricultural  Products.    By  Grand  Divisions 

$943,800,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 

Europe.    . 843.7 

North  America 5^-3 

South  America 11.3 

Asia  . 


Africa 


13-9 


Oceania 3.5 


40 

United  States  Exports  in  1901 

Fiscal  Year  ending  June  30 

Manufactured  Products.     By  Grand  Divisions 
$412,000,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


Europe 

North  America  . 

Asia 

Oceania  .  .  .  . 
South  America  . 
Africa  . 


•  215.5 
.     96.1 

•  33.8 
.    29.0 
.    27.1 
.     10.5 


United  States  Exports  in  1901 

Fiscal  Year  ending  June  30 

Manufactured  Products.    By  Articles 

$412,000,000 


Copper,  manufactures  of 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


Iron  and  steel  and  mfrs.  of  .  .  .  117  3 

Oils,  mineral,  refined 64.4 

Copper,  manufactures  of  ....  43.0 

Leather  and  manufactures  of  .  .  27.9 

Cotton,  manufactures  of  ....  20.0 

Agricultural  implements  ....  16.3 
Chemicals,  drugs,  dyes,  and 

medicines ,  .  .  .  14.3 

Wood,  manufactures  of  ....  n.o 

Paper  and  manufactures  of  ...  7.4 
Instruments,  etc.  for  scientific 

purposes 7.3 

Paraffin  and  paraffin  wax  ....  6.8 

Tobacco,  manufactures  of  ...  5.0 


Fibers,  manufactures  of  ....  4.3 

Carriages,  cars,  and  parts  of  .  .  4.2 
Cars,  passenger  and  freight,  for 

steam  railroads 4.  i 

India  rubber  and  gutta  percha, 

manufactures  of 3.6 

''Books,  maps,  engravings,  and 

other  printed  matter 3.4 

Spirits,  distilled  3.0 

Musical  instruments 2.7 

Cycles  and  parts  of 2.5 

Clocks,  watches,  and  parts  of  .  .  2.3 

Glass  and  glassware 2.1 

All  other  articles 39.  i 


42 

United  States  Manufactures  in  1900 

Value  of  Production  by  Leading  Classes 

$13,004,400,000 


o 


V   J 

>  £  „< 


Tobacco 


-^dL£ 


Gi*y 


Glass 


**&%? 


,9* 


lM 


^ 


,^r 


.1* 


^ 


• 


^N 


\ 


\ 


34 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


Food  and  kindred  products  .    .    .2,278 
Iron  and  steel  and  their  products,  1,793 

Textiles 1,637 

Hand  trades 1,184 

Lumber  and  its  manufactures  .    .  1,031 
Metals  and  metal  products,  other 

than  iron  and  steel 749 

Paper  and  printing 606 


Leather  and  its  finished  products,  584 

Chemicals  and  allied  products    .  553 

Vehicles  tor  land  transportation,  509 

Liquors  and  beverages 426 

Clay,  glass,  and  stone  products  .  293 

Tobacco 283 

Shipbuilding 74 

Miscellaneous  irdustries  ....  1,004 


POOD  AND  KINDRED  PRODUCTS. 

Chart  35 — Slaughtering  and  meat  packing,  wholesale.  This 
industry  is  found  chiefly  in  Illinois  (which  manufactures  three- 
eighths),  Kansas,  Nebraska,  Missouri,  and  Indiana.  Large  cities 
have  a  greater  percentage  of  this  industry  than  is  generally 
the  case  with  manufactured  products,  Chicago  alone  having  over 
one-third.  This  does  not  include  Slaughtering,  wholesale  (not 
packing),  which  covers  fresh  meats;  the  value  of  fresh  meat  prod- 
ucts in  1900  was  $87,000,000. 

Chart  36 — Flouring  and  grist  mill  products.  This  is  the  second 
largest  industry  in  this  group,  and  is  widely  diffused,  more  than 
three-fourths  being  carried  on  outside  of  the  large  centers.  Min- 
neapolis, the  largest  flour  manufacturing  center,  produces  only 
about  nine  per  cent,  of  the  total  output. 

Chart  37 — Sugar  and  molasses  refining.  This  industry  is  car- 
ried on  chiefly  at  ports  where  the  raw  material,  which  is  nearly  all 
imported,  can  be  readily  obtained.  It  is  the  leading  manufacturing 
industry  of  Boston,  Brooklyn,  New  Orleans,  and  San  Francisco, 
and  the  second  of  Philadelphia. 


44 

United  States  Manufactures  in  1900 

Slaughtering  and  Meat  Packing,  Wholesale 
Value  of  products,  $699,000,000 


Jill      o+her      cities 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


Chicago 248.8 

Kansas  City,  Kansas 73.2 

South  Omaha,  Nebraska  .    .    ,    .  67.7 

St.  Joseph,  Missouri 19.0 

Indianapolis 18/3 

St.  Louis 12.2 

Buffalo 9.6 

Cincinnati 9.5 


New  York 7.9 

Cleveland,  Ohio 7.5 

Milwaukee 5.9 

Baltimore 5.3 

San  Francisco 5.2 

Philadelphia 5.1 

Louisville 42 

All  other  cities  and  outside  places,  199.6 


45 


United  States  Manufactures  in  1900 

Flouring  and  Grist  Mill  Products 
Value  of  products,  $560,700,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


Minneapolis        .    .    . 

do  6 

Nashville 

New  York    

88 

Milwaukee  

6.3 

San  Francisco  .    .    , 

Chicago    .    . 

A.I) 

Buffalo 

Toledo  

4-4 

Rochester  .... 

St.  Louis  . 

4-0 

All  other  cities  and  ou 

tside  places, 

3.0 


46 

United  States  Manufactures  in  1900 

Sugar  and  Molasses  Refining 
Value  of  products,  $240,000,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


Brooklyn 

Philadelphia 

New  Orleans 

Boston 

San  Francisco      

New  York  City — not  including  Brooklyn 
All  other  cities  and  outside  places     .    .    . 


78.0 


.  22.6 

.  15-7 
.  ii. o 

.  10.5 
.  66.2 


47 


IRON  AND  STEEL  AND  THEIR  PRODUCTS. 

Chart  38 — Iron  and  steel.  This  is  the  leading  industry  in  this 
group,  and  includes  the  products  of  blast  furnaces,  rolling  mills, 
steel  works,  iron  ore  forges  and  bloomeries.  Pittsburg  is  the  lead- 
ing center  in  this  industry.  Pennsylvania  produced  more  than  54 
per  cent,  of  the  total  product  of  this  class,  Illinois,  Ohio,  and  Ala- 
bama following  in  the  order  of  value. 

Chart  39 — Foundry  and  machine  shop  products.  This  is 
second  in  importance  of  the  iron  and  steel  industries.  It  is  more 
widely  diffused  than  the  manufacture  of  iron  and  steel,  and  is  found, 
to  some  extent,  in  every  large  city,  and  wherever  machinery  is 
needed  for  any  purpose.  Chicago  leads,  followed  by  New  York  and 
Philadelphia. 

Chart  40.  Hardware  is  one  of  the  most  important  of  the  re- 
maining iron  industries.  In  this  a  number  of  New  England  towns 
rank  high,  New  Britain  being  first. 

Chart  41  gives  the  exports  of  hardware,  and,  as  w7ill  be  seen  in 
most  of  the  export  charts,  the  United  Kingdom  leads.  The  total 
exports  of  all  iron  and  steel  and  their  products,  as  can  be  seen  from 
chart  33,  was  $117,006,000,  or  more  than  one-fourth  of  all  the 
manufactured  products  exported. 


48 

United  States  Manufactures  in  1900 

Iron  and  Steel 
Value  of  products,  $804,000,000 


/  /  other        ci+tes 


+  s  i  d  e          /o  /  a   c  e 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


Pittsburg  

.    .    .    .90.7 

Allegheny,  Pa  

•    •      7-9 

McKeesport    
Chicago 

•    •    •    •  34-3 
31.6 

Harrisburg,  Pa  
Milwaukee    ........ 

.    .      7-6 
-    •      7-4 

.    .    .    .28.2 

Philadelphia.   .    . 

.    .      7-2 

Columbus   O 

5-9 

Cleveland    

.    .    .    .  ^4.^ 

17  8 

Wheeling,'  W.  Va  

.    -      5-8 

Newcastle,  Pa  
Joliet   111 

.    -    -    .  15-1 
i^  ~\ 

Birmingham,  Ala  
Muncie,  Ind  

-    •      5-4 
.      4-4 

T  i  2 

Allentown    Pa             .... 

.    .      4.4 

-     •     •     •   *o* 

IO  2 

All  other  cities     

•    •  459-9 

Readine  . 

•      9-5 

49 

United  States  Manufactures  in  1900 

Foundry  and  Machine  Shop  Products 
Value  of  products,  $644,000,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


Chicago  
New  York  .... 
Philadelphia 

44-5 
41.0 

*8   * 

Detroit  
Worcester  .  . 
Buffalo 

8.9 
8.5 
6  8 

Pittsburg  . 

IS  S 

Erie 

6.5 

Cleveland  .  .  . 

15.4 

Baltimore  

6.1 

Milwaukee  .  .  . 
Cincinnati  .... 
Boston  

14-4 
ii.  7 
9-3 

Indianapolis  
Dayton  
All  other  cities  and  outside  places, 

5-7 
4-9 
406.5 

50 

United  States  Manufactures  in  1900 

Hardware 
Value  of  products,  $35,800,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


New  Britain 5.7 

Chicago 2.4 


New  Haven 
Philadelphia 
Cleveland  . 
Meriden  .  . 
Reading  .  . 
New  York  . 


2.2 

•I 

.6 
.6 


Newark i.o 

St.  Louis 7 

Bridgeport 6 

Cincinnati 6 

Buffalo 4 

Allegheny 3 

All  other  cities  and  outside  places,  14.  i 


United  States  Exports  in  1901 

Builders'  Hardware 

$5,560,000 


V. 


^ 


/ 


Germany 


41 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars). 


United  Kingdom  
British  Australasia  .... 
Germany  
Canada  ....  ... 

.    .    .  1.40 

•  •  •  •£ 

.    .        .60 
.45 

British  Africa  
Netherlands        
Norway  and  Sweden   .    . 
Denmark          .            .    . 

.    .    .0.13 
...     .11 

...        .10 
.  IO 

Mexico  
France 

...     .24 

2-J 

Italy  
Japan 

...   .08 

OS 

Cuba 

17 

Chinese  Empire 

OS 

Belgium  

...      .17 

All  other  countries   .    .    . 

...   .70 

The  textile  industries  are  second,  among  the  leading  classes  of 
manufactured  products,  in  the  amount  of  capital  invested,  and 
third,  in  the  value  of  their  products. 

The  leading  textile  industry  is  that  of  cotton  manufacturing. 
Chart  42  shows  the  enormous  increase  in  the  quantity  of  cotton 
produced.  The  amounts  inside  the  columns  show  that  the  value 
has  not  increased  in  the  same  ratio  as  the  quantity.  This  is  due  to 
the  decrease  in  the  price  of  cotton  per  pound. 

The  development  of  the  export  trade  in  cotton,  since  1870,  has 
has  been  as  great  as  that  of  production.  Over  one- third  of  the 
cotton  crop  is  consumed  in  this  country,  less  than  one- third  is  sold 
to  the  United  Kingdom,  and  about  one- third  to  the  rest  of  the  world. 

Chart  43  shows  the  great  advance  made  in  cotton  manufactures 
in  this  country.  In  1900  the  United  States  factories  consumed 
more  than  three  times  as  much  raw  cotton  as  they  did  in  1870,  and 
six  times  as  much  as  in  1850.  The  value  of  cotton  goods  manu- 
factured in  the  United  States,  as  shown  in  the  chart,  has  not  in- 
creased in  the  same  ratio.  This  is  due  to  the  reduction  of  the  price 
per  yard  arising  from  the  lower  price  of  raw  cotton  and  the  lower 
cost  of  manufacture. 

The  United  States  consumes  more  cotton  than  any  other  nation. 
A  large  part  of  the  goods  manufactured  in  the  United  States  are 
coarse  or  medium  yarns,  while  in  Europe  finer  yarns  are  in  use; 
therefore,  the  value  of  our  output  is  not  as  great  as  that  of  Great 
Britain.  As  the  United  States  continues  to  increase  the  manufac- 
ture of  its  cotton  into  goods,  and  more  especially  into  finer  grades, 
which  it  is  gradually  doing,  it  will  secure  a  large  share  of  the  profits 
now  obtained  by  foreign  countries  from  the  manufacture  of  Ameri- 
can cotton  into  cotton  goods. 


53 


United  States    Production  and  Export 


PRODUCTION 


10.3 
469 


Figures  outsi.le  of  diagram  denote  Millions  of  Bales 
Figures  inside  of  diagram  denote  Millions  of  Dollars 


EXPORTS 


5-7 
242 


4-9 


42 


Cotton 


54 
United  States    Production,  Import  and  Export 

Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars 

PRODUCTION 


IMPORTS 


K 


EXPORTS 


o     o     o     o 


43 


o     o     o     o     o     o 

I  f  I  f  I  I 
Cotton  Goods 


CO       00       00 


55 


Chart  44  shows  that  Massachusetts  produces  more  cotton  goods 
than  any  other  State,  and  also  shows,  what  is  not  generally  known, 
that  South  Carolina  and  North  Carolina  follow,  in  the  order  of  the 
value  of  output  of  manufactured  cotton  goods. 

Chart  45  gives  the  product  by  cities.  Fall  River  is  first,  fol- 
lowed by  Philadelphia;  all  the  other  cities,  excepting  Augusta, 
Georgia,  which  is  the  lowest  given,  are  in  the  New  England  States. 

The  exports  of  cotton  goods  are  given  in  charts  46  and  47. 
These  show  that  China  is  the  largest  purchaser  of  United  States 
cotton  goods,  followed  by  Aden  and  Latin  American  countries. 
Chart  48  shows  that  Great  Britain  and  her  Colonies  buy  most  of 
the  wearing  apparel  exported  from  the  United  States. 


56 

United  States  Manufactures  in  1900 

Cotton  Manufactures.    Giving  Leading  States. 
Value  of  products,  $339,000,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars 


Massachusetts  . 
South  Carolina  . 
North  Carolina  . 
Rhode  Island .  . 
Pennsylvania .  . 
New  Hampshire 


in. i 
29.7 

28.4 
26.4 

25-4 
22.9 


Georgia  .  .  . 
Connecticut  . 
Maine  .... 
New  York  .  . 
All  other  States 


18.5 

15-5 

14.6 
10.8 
35-7 


57 

United  States  Manufactures  in  1900 

Cotton  Manufactures 
Value  of  products,  $339,000,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


Fall  River 

2Q  2 

Lewiston,  Me  .    . 

4  6 

Philadelphia  
Lowell 

17-6 
17  O 

Taunton,  Mass  
Warwick    R.  I.     .            

4.6 

4-4 

New  Bedford 

16  7 

Holyoke,  Mass  

3-7 

Manchester,  N.  H  .  . 
Lawrence,  Mass  .  .  . 
Pawtucket.  R.  I  . 

.-.:....  11.7 

8.1 
s.6 

Augusta,  Ga  
All  other  cities  andoutsideplaces, 

3  4 

212.  1 

58 

United  States  Exports  in  1901 
Cotton  Cloth  (uncolored) 

$7,580,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


Chinese  Empire .    .    ; 3.18 

Aden 95 

Chile 56 

United  Kingdom 29 

British  Africa 24 

Venezuela .     .21 

Canada 20 

British  East  Indies 20 

Salvador 12 

Colombia  .  1 1 


Cuba 10 

British  Australasia .     .09 

British  West  Indies 09 

Peru 09 

Mexico 08 

Honduras 08 

Argentine  Republic 07 

Brazil 07 

All  other  countries 85 


UNIVERSITY 

CxF 

POI 

=a= 

United  States  Exports  in  1901 

Cotton  Cloth  (colored) 

$6,550,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


China 1.37 

Colombia 72 

Haiti 68 

Venezuela 66 

United  Kingdom 31 

British  Australasia 25 

Brazil 25 

British  West  Indies 25 

Canada 24 

British  East  Indies   .  .22 


Santo  Domingo 

.    ,          20 

Mexico  

Cuba  
Costa  Rica 

14 

10 

Guatemala 

OQ 

Dutch  West  Indies  . 
Honduras  
Chile  
Turkey  in  Europe  . 
All  other  countries  . 

09 
08 
.....      .07 
07 
.5Q 

6o 

United  States  Exports  in  1901 

Wearing  Apparel 
$1,600,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


Canada o  38 

United  Kingdom 34 

British  Australasia 22 

Mexico 09 

Germany 08 


British  West  Indies 0.05 

British  Africa 05 

Newfoundland  and   Labrador  .    .     .05 
All  other  countries 34 


6i 


Chart  49  shows  that  the  increase  in  the  quantity  of  wool  pro- 
duced has  not  been  as  great  as  that  of  cotton.  It  also  shows  the 
fluctuations  in  the  import  of  wool,  in  some  years  equaling  one- 
third,  and  in  1900  one-half  the  production.  Chart  50  shows  the 
development  of  the  wool  manufacturing  industries,  the  value  of 
which  is  now  six  times  as  much  as  it  was  in  1850.  It  also  shows  a 
falling  off  in  the  import  of  woolen  goods  since  1890. 

Chart  51 — Woolen  goods.  In  this  Philadelphia  leads  with 
nearly  one- sixth  of  tne  total  production. 

Chart  52 — Worsted  goods.  Lawrence,  Mass.,  leads,  followed 
by  Providence  and  Philadelphia. 

The  census  of  1900  shows  a  falling  off  in  the  manufacture  of 
woolens  proper,  and  a  marked  increase  in  that  of  worsted  goods. 
Some  of  the  larger  worsted  mills  in  this  country  have  a  greater 
output  than  any  foreign  mill. 

Chart  53— Carpets  and  rugs.  The  United  States  is  tne  greatest 
carpet  manufacturing  nation  in  the  world.  It  produced  nearly 
80,000,000  square  yards  of  carpets  in  1900,  of  which  quantity 
Philadelphia  alone  manufactured  over  40  per  cent. 


62 


United  States'  Production  and  Imports 


Quantities  in  Millions  of  Pounds 


PRODUCTION 


3025 


IMPORTS 


49 


Wool 


OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY 


United  States'  Production  and  Imports 


Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars 

PRODUCTION 

297 


270 


238 


199 


IMPORTS 


34     34 


73 


49 


50 


Wool  Manufactures 


64 

United  States  Manufactures  in  1900 

Woolen  Goods 
Value  of  product?,  $118,000,000 


All     other    cities      and 
outside  places 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


Philadelphia 

Lowell 

Providence,  R.  I 

Worcester,  Mass 

Pittsfield,         "         

Holyoke 

New  York 

All  other  cities  and  outside  places 


18.3 
3-2 


65 

United  States  Manufactures  in  1900 

Worsted  Goods 
Value  of  products,  $120,000,000 


/Jli  oiher     cities 

and 
outside    places 


52 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 

Lawrence,  Mass 24.6 

Providence,  R.  I 16.6 

Philadelphia 16.2 

Pawtucket,  R.  I 3.7 

Woonsocket,    "        2.7 

Jamestown,  N.  Y 2.5 

Camden,  N.  J.       2.0 

Lowell     . 1.4 

All  other  cities  and  outside  places 50.3 


66 

United  States  Manufactures  in  1900 

Carpets  and  Rugs,  other  than  Rag 
Value  of  products,  $48,000,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


Philadelphia 

Amsterdam,  N.  Y 

New  York 

All  other  cities  and  outside  places 


.  .  .  21.0 
.  .  .  3-4 
.  .  .  2.4 

.   21.2 


Chart  54 — Hosiery  and  Knit  goods.  These  were  formerly 
classified  with  woolen  goods,  but  now  more  cotton  than  wool  is 
used  in  their  manufacture.  More  machine  knit  goods,  both  under- 
wear and  hosiery,  are  turned  out  in  the  United  States  than  in  any 
other  country  in  the  world.  Philadelphia  leads  in  this  industry, 
followed  by  Cohoes,  where  knitting  machines  were  first  used.  The 
industry  is  carried  on  chiefly  in  New  York  and  Pennsylvania. 

Chart  55 — Cordage  and  Twine.  These  products  are  made  out 
of  cotton,  flax,  hemp  (mainly  Manila  and  sisal),  and  jute.  The 
chief  products  are  binder  twine,  made  mainly  out  of  sisal;  sisal  and 
Manila  rope;  and  gunny  bagging  made  out  of  jute.  As  most  of 
the  materials  are  imported,  the  industry  is  carried  on  largely  at 
the  chief  sea  ports. 

Chart  56 — Collars  and  Cuffs.  This  industry  is  almost  entirely 
confined  to  the  city  of  Troy.  It  is  largely  a  home  industry.  There 
is  hardly  a  town,  within  thirty  miles  of  Troy,  in  which  the  female 
population  is  not  engaged  in  some  part  of  the  collar  and  cuff  busi- 
ness. Troy  produces  86  per  cent,  of  these  products. 


68 

United  States  Manufactures  in  1900 

Hosiery  and  Knit  Goods 
Value  of  products,  $95, 000,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


Philadelphia 

Cohoes,  N.  Y 

Amsterdam,  N.  Y 

New  York 

Lowell,  Mass 

Utica,  N.  Y 

Rockford.  Ill .    .    , 

Reading,  Pa 

Milwaukee 

Woonsocket,  R.  I , 

All  other  cities  and  outside  places 


13.0 
5-0 
4-2 

3-4 
3-i 
2-5 


1.2 

I.O 
58.8 


69 

United  States  Manufactures  in  1900 

Cordage  and  Twine 
Value  of  products,  $38,000,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


New  York 

Philadelphia 

All  other  cities  and  outside  places 


.    .    .    8.7 

.    5.2 

.    .    .  24.1 


yo 

United  States  Manufactures  in  1900 

Collars  and  Cuffs 
Value  of  products,  $15,500,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


Troy 

Glens  Falls,  N.  Y 

Albany    

New  York 

All  other  cities  and  outside  places     . 


13-4 
'.6 

.2 

.6 


Chart  57  shows  the  wonderful  development  of  the  silk  industry. 
Although  all  the  raw  material  is  imported,  the  United  States  has, 
in  50  years,  become  the  chief  silk  manufacturing  nation  of  the 
world,  with  the  possible  exception  of  France,  the  value,  but  not  the 
quantity  of  whose  products  in  this  industry,  may  slightly  exceed 
that  of  the  United  States. 

Chart  58  — Silk  and  Silk  Goods.  Paterson,  N.  J.,  is  the  leading 
city  in  this  industry,  producing  about  one-fourth  of  the  output. 
The  bulk  of  the  silk  manufacturing  industry  is  in  New  Jersey  and 
Pennsylvania.  Plain  and  fancy  silks,  $39, 000,000,  constitute  the 
largest  item  of  the  silk  output,  followed  by  ribbons,  $18,000,000, 
and  sewing  silk  and  machine  twist  $9,000,000. 

Chart  59 — Dyeing  and  Finishing  Textiles.  This  industry  is 
carried  on  in  independent  establishments,  as  well  as  in  connection 
with  textile  factories.  It  is  natural  that  the  three  leading  textile 
cities — Philadelphia,  Paterson,  and  Fall  River — should  lead  in  the 
dyeing  and  finishing  textile  industry. 


United  States'  Production  and  Imports 


Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars 

PRODUCTION 

107 


IMPORTS 


37 


33 


1 8 


6.6 


57 


I      t     I     t  III 

Silk  Manufactures 


73 

United  States  Manufactures  in  1900 

Silk  and  Silk  Goods 
Value  of  products,  $107,000,000 


other   cities  and     outstote     places 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 

Paterson     .    .        

New  York 

Philadelphia 

W.  Hoboken     

Scranton 

Allentown 

All  other  cities  and  outside  places ,    . 


.  .  26.0 

•  •     9-5 

•  •    4-5 

•  •     39 

•  •    3-6 

3-4 

•  -56.I 


74 

United  States  Manufactures  in  1900 

Dyeing  and  Finishing  Textiles 
Value  of  products,  $44,000,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


Philadelphia 

Paterson 

Fall  River 

Passaic,  N.  J 

Providence 

Pawtucket 

New  York 

All  other  cities  and  outside  places 


5-5 
3-8 
2.9 

2-3 

2.2 

1.6 

1-4 
24-3 


75 


The  lumber  industry  is  one  of  the  four  classes  whose  output 
was  over  a  billion  dollars  in  1900. 

Chart  60 — Lumber  and  Timber  Products.  These  include  the 
logging  industry,  and  the  saw-mill  industry,  and  are  generally  located 
in  or  near  forest  regions.  The  statistics  can  only  be  given  by  states. 
The  three  greatest  lumber  states  are  Wisconsin,  Michigan  and  Min- 
nesota followed  by  Pennsylvania.  Seventy-five  per  cent,  of  the 
sawed  lumber  consists  of  pines,  and  24.8  percent,  of  hard  woods: 
Southern  yellow  pine  being  27.8  per  cent,  of  all  lumber,  white  pine 
21.5  per  cent.,  oak  12.8  per  cent.,  and  hemlock  9.8  per  cent.  The 
output  is  increasing  in  the  Southern  and  Pacific  States  and  decreas- 
ing in  other  sections. 

Chart  6 1 — Planing  Mill  Products.  The  distribution  of  this 
industry  is  influenced,  not  only  by  the  presence  of  forests,  but  also 
by  that  of  large  bodies  of  population.  The  three  leading  states  are 
New  York,  Wisconsin  and  Pennsylvania,  and  the  leading  cities  are 
New  York,  Chicago  and  Philadelphia.  The  finished  product  of  the 
saw-mill  is  the  raw  product  of  the  planing  mill. 

Chart  62 — Furniture.  This  industry,  like  that  of  the  planing 
mill,  is  found  near  large  centers  of  population.  It  will  be  seen  that, 
with  the  exception  of  Grand  Rapids  and  Sheboygan,  the  largest 
furniture  manufacturing  centers  are  in  the  large  cities  of  the  United 
States. 

Chart  63 — Exports  of  Furniture.  Over  one-half  of  these  are 
sent  to  Great  Britain  and  her  Colonies  and  one-fifth  to  Mexico  and 
Cuba. 

In  1901  the  exports  of  timber  amounted  to  nearly  $10,000,000, 
the  United  Kingdom  taking  nearly  one-half,  followed  by  Germany 
and  Canada.  The  exports  of  lumber  and  planing  mill  products 
amounted  to  about  $20,000,000,  the  United  Kingdom  leading,  with 
nearly  one- fourth,  followed  by  Canada,  Argentina,  Germany  and 
the  Netherlands.  The  total  value  of  the  exports  of  wood  and 
manufactures  of,  in  1901,  was  $50,000,000. 


76 

United  States  Manufactures  in  1900 

Lumber  and  Timber  Products 
Value  of  products,  $566,000,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


Wisconsin 57.6 

Michigan 54.0 

Minnesota 43.5 

Pennsylvania 35.7 

Washington       .    .  30.0 

Arkansas 23.9 

Ohio 20.7 

Indiana 20.6 

Tennessee 18.0 

Louisiana 17.4 

Texas .  16.0 


New  York  .  .  . 
Mississippi  .  . 
North  Carolina 
Kentucky  .  .  .  , 
California  .  .  . 
Georgia  .... 

Maine 

Alabama  .  .  . 
Virginia.  .  .  . 
All  other  States 


•  15-7 
.  156 

.  14.8 

•  137 

•  13-7 

•  137 

•  13-4 
,  12  8 

.  12. 0 

•  IO3-2 


77 

United  States  Manufactures  in  1900 

Lumber,  Planing  Mill  Products 
Value  of  products,  $168,000,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


New  York  .  .  . 
Chicago  .... 
Philadelphia  .  . 
Buffalo  .  .  .  . 
St.  Louis,  Mo.  . 
Minneapolis . 
Milwaukee  .  . 
Saj^inaw,  Mich. 
Baltimore  .  .  . 
Duhnque,  Iowa 
Detroit  . 


Q  2 

Boston 

6 

7-5 

Oshkosh,  Wis  

6 

3-2 
3-o 
2-3 

2  •* 

Bay  City,  Mich  
Jersey  City    
Toledo,  O  
San  Francisco                          ...       ] 

•4 

•3 
•3 

1 

2.1 

1.8 
i  8 

Elmira,  N.  Y  
Cleveland,  O  
Atlanta  Ga 

.2 

.2 

T 

I  7 

Clinton    Iowa           .        ... 

o 

1.6 

All  other  cities  and  outside  places,  i  iJ 

5.5 

78 

United  States  Manufactures  in  1900 

Furniture,  Factory  Product 
Value  of  products,  $125,000,000 


o+her       C i  1- i  e S  and 

outside 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


New  York  
Chicago  
Grand  Rapids  .  .  . 
Philadelphia  .... 
Cincinnati 

13  2 
12.3 

Rochester    

2.0 

.8 
.8 
.6 
.6 
6 
•4 

.0 

}-7 

Detroit  
Rockford,  111  

7.4    ! 

/•t    ' 
A  A    : 

Indianapolis 

*5 

Buffalo  

St.  Louis  ...... 
Sheboygan  \Vis 

3-2 
•i  i 

Jamestown,  N.  Y  
Milwaukee                   

Boston  
Baltimore  . 

::••::  is 

.       2.6 

Cleveland,  O  
All  other  cities  and  outside  places,  5< 

79 

United  States  Exports  in  1901 

Furniture 

$3,900,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


United  Kingdom  .    . 

Mexico 

Canada       

British  Australasia  . 
British  Africa    .    .    . 

Cuba 

Germany 

Argentine  Republic 
Netherlands .    ,    .    . 

Belgium 

France    . 


i. 08 
.46 
.42 
•35 
•35 
•33 
.14 
.06 
.06 
•05 
•05 


All  other  countries 55 


8o 


LEATHER  AND  ITS  MANUFACTURES. 

Chart  64 — Leather,  Tanned,  Curried  and  Finished.  Pennsyl- 
vania produces  over  one-fourth,  and  Massachusetts  one-eighth  of  the 
leather  output,  New  York  and  Wisconsin  following.  Philadelphia 
is  the  leading  city  followed  by  Newark,  Milwaukee  and  Wilming- 
ton. Wisconsin  leads  in  the  output  of  rough  leather,  Pennsylvania 
in  sole  leather  and  goatskins  and  Massachusetts  in  calfskin  and 
upper  leather. 

Chart  65 — Exports  of  Leather.  The  United  Kingdom  pur- 
chased over  two-thirds  of  all  the  leather  exported  from  the  United 
States. 

Chart  66 — Boots  and  Shoes.  Massachusetts  manufactures 
nearly  one-half  of  all  the  shoes  made  in  factories  in  the  United 
States,  New  York,  New  Hampshire,  Pennsylvania  and  Maine  fol- 
lowing in  the  order  of  the  value  of  products.  The  leading  cities 
are  Brockton,  Lynn,  Haverhill — all  in  Massachusetts.  This  indus- 
try is  gaining  rapidly  in  the  West,  Cincinnati,  St.  Louis,  Chicago, 
Columbus,  Milwaukee  and  other  western  cities  having  large  estab- 
lishments. There  were  219,000,000  pairs  of  shoes,  gaiters,  etc., 
made  in  the  United  States  during  the  census  year. 

Chart  67 — Exports  of  Boots  and  Shoes.  The  United  King- 
dom and  British  Australasia  buy  over  half  of  the  exports  of  shoes 
from  the  United  States,  followed  by  Canada,  Mexico  and  Cuba. 
Improved  machinery  has  enabled  the  United  States  to  make  shoes 
cheaper  than  any  other  country. 

Chart  68 — Saddlery  and  Harness.  This  industry  is  widely 
distributed,  only  one-fourth  being  carried  on  in  the  larger  cities. 
Chicago  leads,  Dallas,  Texas,  ranks  above  Baltimore  and  Phila- 
delphia. 


Si 

United  States  Manufactures  in  1900 

Leather,  Tanned,  Curried  and  Finished 
Value  of  products,  $204,000,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


Philadelphia 

Newark,  N.  J 

Milwaukee 

Wilmington,  Del 

Chicago 

Cincinnati 

New  York 

Louisville 

Salem,  Mass 

San  Francisco 

Lynn,  Mass 

All  other  cities  and  outside  places 


i  S.o 
10.8 

IO.2 

9-3 
6.9 

3-4 
3-3 
3-1 
3-o 
2.7 
2.4 
130.9 


82 

United  States  Exports  in  1901 

Leather 

$21,300,000 


United 


Kingdom 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


United  Kingdom    . 
Netherlands  .... 

Germany 

Canada  

Belgium 

British  Australasia  . 
Norway  and  Sweden 

France    , 

Japan  

All  other  countries  . 


14.8 
i.i 

0.7 
0.6 
o.5 
0.5 
o.5 
0.4 

O.2 
2.0 


83 

United  States  Manufactures  in  1900 

Boots  and  Shoes 
Value  of  products,  $261,000,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


Brockton,  Mass. 
Lynn,  Mass.  .  . 
Haverhill,  Mass. 
New  York  .  .  . 
Cincinnati .  .  . 
St.  Louis  .  .  . 
Rochester,  N.  Y. 
Philadelphia.  . 
Chicago  .... 


19.0 

17.0 

15.0 

9.0 

8.8 

8.2 

7.0 

5-9 

5-7 


Manchester,  N.  H 4.0 

Boston 3.8 

Columbus,  O 3.5 

Salem,  Mass 2.9 

North  Adams,  Mass 2.8 

Newark,  N.  J 2.5 

Milwaukee 2.1 

All  other  citiesand  outside  places,  143.8 


84 

United  States  Exports  in  1901 

Boots  and  Shoes 
$5,520,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 

United   Kingdom 1.55 

British  Australasia 1.42 

Canada 43 

Mexico 42 

Cuba 34 

British  West  Indies 25 

Germany  18 

British  Africa 18 

Colombia 06 

British  Honduras 06 

All  other  countries r    .    , 63 


85 

United  States  Manufactures  in  1900 

Saddlery  and  Harness 
Value  of  products,  $62,000,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 

Chicago 9 

New  York 8 

St.  Louis 4 

Cincinnati 2 

Newark,  N.  J I 

Louisville i 

Dallas,  Texas o 

Baltimore i.o 

Kansas  City,  Mo 0.9 

San  Francisco 0.7 

New  Orleans 0.7 

Philadelphia 0.7 

All  other  cities  and  outside  places 48.5 


86 


Chart  69 — Paper  and  Wood  Pulp.  This  is  given  by  counties, 
as  many  of  the  larger  paper  and  wood  pulp  establishments  are  not 
in  cities.  The  New  England  States  and  New  York  have  the  main 
spruce  supplies  of  the  United  States  which  are  so  necessary  in  the 
manufacture  of  wood  pulp.  New  York,  Massachusetts,  Maine, 
Pennsylvania  and  Wisconsin  follow  in  the  value  of  products  in  the 
order  given.  Hampden  County,  Massachusetts,  in  which  Holyoke, 
the  largest  paper  manufacturing  city,  is  located,  leads  in  value  of 
product. 

Chart  70 — Glass.  Nearly  five-sevenths  of  the  glass  factories 
are  found  outside  of  the  leading  cities.  Pittsburg  leads,  and  all  of 
the  cities  given,  excepting  Millville  and  Philadelphia,  are  located 
either  in  the  gas  belt  of  Pennsylvania  or  Indiana. 

Chart  71 — Exports  of  Glassware.  One-half  of  the  glass  ex- 
ported is  sent  to  Great  Britain  and  her  Colonies,  over  one-fourth 
going  to  Canada  alone.  Mexico  ranks  next  to  Canada,  taking 
about  one-fifth. 

Chart  72 — Exports  of  Paints.  Great  Britain  and  her  Colonies 
buy  over  one-half  the  exports,  Germany  and  France  together,  about 
one-sixth. 

Chart  73 — Pottery  and  Terra  Cotta.  While  the  manufacture 
of  this  class  of  products  is  increasing,  most  of  the  finest  products 
are  still  imported,  but  the  success  of  the  Rookwood  and  Newcomb 
Potteries  gives  promise  of  an  increased  demand  for  the  art  produc- 
tion of  the  United  States.  The  value  of  pottery  products  amounted, 
in  1900,  to  about  $18,000,000,  and  of  terra  cotta  to  $26,000,000. 
The  two  great  pottery  centres  are  East  Liverpool,  Ohio,  and  Tren- 
ton, New  Jersey.  These  two  produce  about  one-half  of  the  pottery 
made  in  the  United  States. 


87 

United  States  Manufactures  in  1900 

Paper  and  Wood  Pulp 
Value  of  products,  $127,000,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


Hampden  Co.,  Mass.  . 
Coos  Co.,  N.  H.  .    .    . 
Outagamie  Co.,  Wis.  . 
Saratoga  Co.,  N.  Y.    . 
Jefferson  Co.,  N.  Y.    . 
Washington  Co.,  N.  Y. 
Worcester  Co.,  Mass. 
Niagara  Co.,  N.  Y. 
Philadelphia  Co.,  Pa. 
Cumberland  Co.,  Me. 
Berkshire  Co.,  Mass.  . 
All  other  counties   . 


10.3 

4-9 

4.8 

4-7 
3-» 

3-7 
2-9 

2.8 
2.6 
2-5 

2.5 

81.5 


United  States  Manufactures  in  1900 

Glass 

Value  of  products,  $56,000,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


Pittsburg,  Pa.   . 
Muncie,  Ind.     . 
Millville,  N.  J. 
Marion,  Ind.     . 
Philadelphia.   . 
Washington,  Pa 
Tarentum,  Pa.  . 
Gas  City,  Ind.  . 
Alexandria,  Ind. 
Elwood,  Ind.    . 
Charleroi,  Pa. 


2.4 
2-3 

•3 
•3 
•3 
.1 
.o 
o 
,o 

.0 


All  other  cities  and  outside  places 4°-  7 


89 

United  States  Exports  in  1901 

Glassware 

$2,000,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 

Canada 0.61 

Mexico 41 

British  Australasia 24 

United  Kingdom 24 

Cuba 12 

Germany 04 

Argentine  Republic 04 

Brazil 03 

Chile x.    .    . 05 

All  other  countries 24 


90 

United  States  Exports  in  1901 

Paints 

$2,000,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 

United  Kingdom  ............................  °-67 

Canada  26 

Germany 

France 

British  Australasia 

All  other  countries 


2O 
I4 


United  States  Manufactures  in  1900 

Pottery,  Terra  Gotta  and  Fireclay  Products 
Value  of  products,  $44,000,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


Trenton 

East   Liverpool,  O 

Pittsburg 

St.  Louis 

Zanesville,  O 

New  York 

Akron,  O 

Philadelphia 

All  other  cities  and  outside  places 


4-7 
4-1 

2.1 
1.2 
1.2 
I.I 

.8 

•5 

28.3 


92 


Chart  74 — Jewelry.  This  industry  is  carried  on  almost  entirely 
in  cities,  and  chiefly  in  the  East.  Providence  produces  27.6  per 
cent.,  New  York  21  per  cent.,  Newark  15.8  percent.,  and  the  Attle- 
boros  1 8  per  cent. 

Chart  57 — The  Exports  of  Jewelry.  Canada  buys  over  one- 
half  of  all  the  jewelry  exported  from  the  United  States. 

Chart  76 — Brass  Castings  and  Finishings.  This  industry,  like 
jewelry,  is  largely  confined  to  cities,  Waterbury  and  Bridgeport, 
both  in  Connecticut,  producing  over  one-fourth. 

Chart  77 — Exports  of  Brass  and  its  Manufactures.  Three- 
fourths  of  these  are  exported  to  Canada,  the  United  Kingdom  and 
Germany. 

Chart  78 — Exports  of  Clocks  and  Parts.  The  value  of  clocks 
made  in  the  United  States  is  about  $7,000,000,  over  60  per  cent,  of 
which  is  made  in  Connecticut.  Of  the  exports  of  clocks  and  parts 
82  per  cent,  are  sold  to  Great  Britain  and  her  Colonies. 


93 

United  States  Manufactures  in  1900 

Jewelry 
Value  of  products,  $46,000,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 

Providence 12.7 

New  York 9.7 

Newark,  N.  J 7.3 

Attleboro,  Mass.  . 5.7 

North  Attleboro,  Mass 2.7 

Chicago 1.6 

Cincinnati 8 

Philadelphia 6 

Pawtucket,  R.  1 6 

All  other  cities  and  outside  places 4.3 


94 

United  States  Exports  in  1901 

Jewelry 

$1,000,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


Canada   

United  Kingdom 
British  Australasia 

Mexico 

Cuba 

All  other  countries 


0.58 


.11 

.02 
.02 
•14 


95 

United  States  Manufactures  in  1900 

Brass  Castings  and  Finishing 
Value  of  products,  $30,000,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


Waterbury,  Conn 

Bridgeport,  Conn 

Philadelphia 

Detroit 

Chicago 

New  York 

St.  Louis 

Milwaukee 

Jersey  City 

San  Francisco 

Cincinnati 

All  other  cities  and  outside  places 


4.1 
2.6 
1.6 


i.i 
•9 
•9 

•  7 

•  5 
9-9 


96 

United  States  Exports  in  1901 

Brass  and  its  Manufactures 

$2,000,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


Canada   

United  Kingdom  . 
Germany    .... 

Mexico 

British  Australasia 

Belgium 

Netherlands .    .    . 

Japan  

France    . 


0.70 
•54 

•31 
.09 

•05 
.04 
.04 
.04 
•03 


Cuba 02 

All  other  countries T4 


97 

United  States  Exports  in  1901 

Clocks  and  Parts 
$1,200,000 


United  Kingdom 
British  Australasia 

Canada   

British  East  Indies 
Japan 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars. 


-  0.47 

•  -23 
.     .17 
.     .09 

•05 


British  Africa 03 

Mexico 03 

Germany 02 

Argentine  Republic 02 

All  other  countries , 09 


Chart  79 — Carriages  and  Wagons.  Three- fourths  of  the  car- 
riages and  wagons  are  made  outside  of  the  leading  cities.  Ohio, 
Indiana,  Michigan  and  Illinois  near  the  hard  wood  forests  are  the 
leading  states.  Cincinnati  makes  more  carriages  than  any  other 
city.  South  Bend,  Indiana,  and  Racine,  Wisconsin,  having  excel- 
lent facilities  for  reaching  Chicago  and  other  large  cities,  are  promi- 
nent centers  of  this  manufacture. 

Chart  80 — Exports  of  Carnages  and  Parts.  Two-thirds  of  this 
class  of  exports  are  sold  to  Great  Britain  and  her  Colonies.  The 
imports  of  carriages  have  decreased  and  the  exports  of  carriages 
and  parts  increased  during  the  last  ten  years. 

Chart  8 1  Agricultural  Implements.  The  distribution  of  estab- 
lishments manufacturing  agricultural  implements  is  not  determined 
by  the  rank  of  the  state  in  agriculture,  for  Kansas,  one  of  the  largest 
agricultural  states,  has  few  establishments  manufacturing  agricul- 
tural implements.  The  nearness  to  hard  wood  forests  has  caused  a 
rapid  increase,  in  this  industry,  in  the  Central  West.  Illinois  makes 
40  per  cent,  of  all  the  agricultural  implements  made  in  the  United 
States,  Chicago,  alone,  making  nearly  one- fourth  Chicago's  im- 
portance is  due  to  its  manufacture  of  harvesting  implements,  South 
Bend's  to  its  manufacture  of  plows.  In  1900  there  were  819,000 
walking  plows,  136,000  sulky  plows,  718,000  scythes,  397,000 
mowers,  233,000  harvesters  and  binders,  295,000  wheel  cultivators, 
206,000  small  cultivators,  and  129,000  corn  planters  manufactured 
in  the  United  States. 

Chart  82 — Exports  of  Agricultural  Implements.  More  than 
one-half  of  the  exports  of  agricultural  implements  is  sold  to 
Europe.  Germany  leads,  followed  by  Canada,  France,  Great 
Britain  and  Russia.  Argentina  and  British  Australasia  buy  less 
than  any  of  the  countries  already  mentioned. 

Chart  83 — Electrical  Apparatus  and  Supplies.  The  manufac- 
ture of  electrical  apparatus  and  supplies  is  of  recent  origin,  yet  it 
has  grown  to  be  an  immense  business.  The  average  per  capita  ex- 
penditure on  electricity  in  the  United  States  is  $7.00.  This  includes 
not  only  the  demand  for  electrical  supplies,  but  also  the  cost  of 
electric  traction,  lighting,  power,  and  for  telegraph  and  telephone. 

NewYork,  Pennsylvania,  Illinois  and  Massachusetts  are  the  four 
leading  states  in  this  industry,  and  manufacture  over  two-thirds  of 
the  product.  Pittsburg,  Chicago  and  New  York  are  the  leading  cities. 

Chart  84 — Exports  of  Scientific  Instruments  and  Electrical 
Apparatus.  This  class  of  goods  is  exported  mainly  to  Europe,  the 
United  Kingdom,  as  usual,  leading  in  the  amount  bought  from  the 
United  States. 


99 

United  States  Manufactures  in  1900 

Carriages  and  Wagons 
Value  of  products,  $122,000,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


Cincinnati 

New  York 

St.  Louis 

Chicago 

South  Bend,  I  ml 

Racine,  Wis 

Indianapolis . 

Columbus,  O 

Philadelphia 

Hartford         

Louisville .    .    .    . 

New  Haven .    . 

Jackson,  Mich 

All  other  cities  and  outside  places 


6.0 

4-3 
4.0 
3-8 
3-4 
2.7 

2.2 
2.  I 
1-9 

i-9 
1.4 
1-3 
!-3 
85.7 


100 


United  States  Exports  in  1901 

Carriages  and  Parts 
$2,700,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 

United  Kingdom 0.92 

British  Australasia 46 

Mexico i    .    .    .    « 28 

Canada , 21 

British  Africa 20 

Argentine  Republic 12 

Cuba 10 

Germany 08 

British  West  Indies         04 

All  other  countries .29 


101 


United  States  Manufactures  in  1900 

Agricultural  Implements 
Value  of  products,  $101,200,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars  ) 

Chicago 24.8 

Springfield,  O 52 

Racine.  Wis 30 

South  Bend,  Ind 24 

Peoria,  111 

Milwaukee 

Auburn,  N.  Y 

Louisville 

Dayton,  O I 

Canton,  O i 

Rockford,  111 

Kansas  City,  Mo 

Philadelphia " 

York,  Pa 

All  other  cities 53.5 


2-3 
2-3 

2-3 

1.2 
2 
I 

7 
4 
4 
4 


102 


United  States  Exports  in  1901 

Agricultural  Implements 

$16,310,000 


to 


!• 


82 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 

Germany , 2.6 

Canada 2.0 

France •  2.0 

United  Kingdom 1.8 

Russia 1.5 

Argentine  Republic 1.4 

British  Australasia      ,..'...  i.o 

Netherlands 82 

Denmark 47 

Mexico 34 

Belgium 33 

British  Africa , 23 

Italy 17 

Uruguay 15 

All  other  countries i-5° 


103 

United  States  Manufactures  in  1900 

Electrical  Apparatus  and  Supplies 

Value  of  products,  $91,000,000 


A  it     other     elites 

and 
outside      tftctces 


(Values  given  iti  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


Pittsburg 

Chicago 

New  York 

Lynn,  Mass.      

Philadelphia 

Cleveland,  O 

Boston 

Newark,  N.  J 

All  other  cities  and  outside  places 


14.0 

»«3 

10.8 

5.8 

4.2 

3-3 

1.2 
I.I 

39-3 


104 

United  States  Exports  in  1901 

Scientific  Instruments  and  Electrical  Apparatus 

$7,360,000 


(Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars.) 


United  Kingdom 2.10 

Italy 53 

British  Australasia .46 

British  East  Indies 40 

Mexico     .    .    .    .    , 39 

France 37 

Japan    

Germany 36 


Argentine  Republic 
British  Africa  ...... 

Brazil 

Cuba 

Belgium 

Canada 

Peru 

All  other  countries 


.26 
.26 

•23 

.20 
.18 
.08 
.87 


105 


AMERICAN  SHIPPING. 

According  to  Lloyd's  Register  for  1901-2  the  gross  tonnage  of  all  vessels 
of  over  TOO  tons  belonging  to  the  nations  mentioned  was  as  follows: 


United  Kingdom  .    .    .  13,656,161  tons 

United  States     ....  3,077,344     " 

Germany 2,905,782 

Norway 1,627,220     " 

France 1,406,883 

Russia 789,253     " 


Spain  ..  t 786,355  tons 

Sweden 676,219 

Japan ,  ,    .  644,664 

Netherlands 578,109 

Denmark 508,194 


Austria- Hungary    .    ,    .    .  486,802 

No  other  nation  has  300,000. 

This  makes  the  United  States  second  in  the  amount  of  tonnage,  but  of  this, 
only  a  small  portion  is  engaged  in  foreign  trade.  According  to  the  report  of 
the  United  States  Commissioner  of  Navigation^  which  includes  vessels  of  less 
than  100  tons,  there  were  in  the  merchant  marine  of  the  United  States,  in  1901, 
5,524,000  gross  tons,  of  which  only  879,000  tons  were  engaged  in  the  foreign 
trade. 

The  increase  in  American  tonnage  has  been  in  the  coastwise  shipping,  in- 
cluding lake  tonnage,  which  latter  alone  amounts  to  1,706,000  tons.  This  in- 
crease is  due  to  the  protection  given  by  the  law  prohibiting  the  carrying  of 
goods  from  one  American  port  to  another  in  any  but  American  vessels. 

In  chart  85,  it  will  be  seen  that  since  1826  there  has  been  a  steady  decrease 
in  the  percentage  of  the  foreign  trade  of  the  United  States  carried  in  American 
vessels.  In  igoi  the  value  of  the  foreign  commerce  of  the  United  States  car- 
ried in  vessels  was  nearly  ten  times  as  great  as  it  was  in  1840,  and  yet  the  value 
of  that  part  of  this  trade  carried  in  American  vessels  is  less  now  than  it  was 
then. 

The  early  fathers  believed  in  protecting  American  shipping,  and  by  dis- 
criminating acts  in  favor  of  American  vessels,  passed  in  1789,  and  the  act  laying 
10  per  cent,  extra  duties  on  goods  coming  in  foreign  ships,  passed  in  1794,  they 
aided  in  the  wonderful  development  of  the  American  merchant  marine.  A 
large  part  of  this  advantage  was  gradually  frittered  away  by  the  various  free 
shipping  reciprocity  acts,  ending  with  that  of  1828,  which  deprived  American 
vessels  engaged  in  foreign  trade  of  all  the  protection  given  by  the  older  laws. 

In  1847,  American  Transatlantic  steamers  were  first  subsidized,  and  Ameri- 
can vessels  not  only  secured  a  large  share  of  their  own  trade,  but  also  an  in- 
creasing share  of  that  of  Great  Britain.  The  withdrawal  of  these  subsidies  in 
1858  started  the  rapid  decline  of  American  shipping  engaged  in  the  foreign 
trade,  which  then  amounted  to  73.8  per  cent. 

Among  other  causes  affecting  adversely  American  shipping  engaged  in  the 
foreign  trade  there  may  be  mentioned  — The  change  from  wooden  to  iron  and 
steel  ships  at  a  time  when  Great  Britain  had  a  monopoly  of  the  manufacture  of 
iron  and  steel;  the  sale  of  a  number  of  vessels  during  the  Civil  War  to  lessen 
the  cost  of  insurance  and  also  to  avoid  the  danger  of  capture  by  privateers; 
the  absorption  of  the  money  and  energies  of  the  country  from  1870  to  1900 
in  developing  our  manufacturing  and  mining  industries.  This  latter  period 
was  the  era  of  railroad  building  in  the  United  States,  not  shipbuilding. 


io6 


Percentage  of  Foreign  Trade  carried  in 
American  Vessels 


United  States  vessels 
Foreign  vessels 


o    o 
o    & 

O>       00 


O   o 

3r  ^ 

GO   00 


OJ 

CO 


85 


United  States  Tonnage  and  Foreign  Trade 


Shipping  in  tons 


1826  . 
1830  . 
1840  . 
1850  . 
1860  . 
1870  . 
1880  . 
1890. 

1900  . 

1901  . 


696,000 

537,000 

762,000 

1,439,000 

2,379,000 

1,448,000 

1,314,000 

928,000 

816,000 

879,000 


Total  Imports  and        Total  Imports  and 
Kxports  carried  Exports  carried 

in  vessels  in  American  vessels 

Values  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars 
162 


144 
249 
330 
762 
99I 
1,482 

i,573 
2,089 

2,151 


150 
129 

198 
239 
507 
352 
258 

202 

!95 

177 


107 

COMPARISON  OP  BRITISH  AND  AMERICAN  SHIPPING. 

Chart  86  gives  a  comparison  of  the  progress  of  shipping  in  the  United 
Kingdom  and  the  United  States  since  1850,  by  decades,  the  amounts  being 
given  in  thousands  of  tons.  The  figures  inside  the  columns  represent  the  total 
shipping;  the  figures  outside,  the  shipping  engaged  in  the  foreign  trade.  In  each 
year  the  column  to  the  left  shows  the  shipping  of  the  United  Kingdom  and  the 
column  on  the  right  that  of  the  United  States.  United  States  figures  are  given 
iu  gross  tons  as  those  for  net  tons  were  not  available  over  so  long  a  period. 

Gross  tonnage  is  the  entire  internal  cubical  capacity  of  a  vessel  in  tons  of 
100  cubic  feet  each.  Net  tonnage  is  obtained  by  deducting  from  gross  tonnage 
the  space  for  the  accommodation  of  the  crew  and  that  occupied  by  the  ma- 
chinery. In  sailing  vessels  the  difference  between  the  two  is  not  more  than  5 
per  cent.,  but  in  steam  vessels  it  may  be  over  40  per  cent. 

It  will  be  seen  that  in  1850  and  1860  the  United  States  gross  tonnage  was 
greater  than  the  net  tonnage  of  Great  Britain.  Since  1860  there  has  been  an 
extraordinarily  large  increase  in  foreign  commerce,  but  the  United  States  share 
of  it  has  steadily  decreased,  while  that  of  the  United  Kingtom  has  steadily 
increased  until  now,  considering  vessels  of  over  100  tons,  more  than  half  the 
tonnage  of  the  world  floats  the  British  flag. 

It  is  to  be  hoped  that  now,  when  the  moneyed  interests  of  the  country  are 
looking  toward  the  sea,  the  United  States  will,  ere  long,  rapidly  increase  the 
American  tonnage  engaged  in  the  foreign  trade.  All  Americans  are  pleased  to 
see  our  merchant  princes  through  their  ownership  of  the  International  Mercan- 
tile Marine  Company  secure  the  profits  and  the  control  of  so  many  foreign  ves- 
sels. There  is  no  doubt  that  these  men,  in  common  with  many  of  their  fellow 
citizens,  would  welcome  the  day  when  their  fleets  would  be  composed  of  a  larger 
number  of  American-built  vessels.  To  bring  this  result  about  needs  the  wisdom 
and  skill  of  both  our  greatest  merchants  and  leading  statesmen. 

Discriminating  duties  in  favor  of  American  vessels  in  the  early  years  of  the 
country,  and  a  national  subsidy  near  the  middle  of  the  last  century  were  useful 
in  building  up  our  merchant  marine. 

The  statesmen  of  today  should  find  some  method  suitable  to  existing  con- 
ditions whereby  they  can  aid  our  merchants  in  securing  for  American-built 
vessels  a  larger  share  of  our  foreign  trade. 

Objection  to  government  aid  to  foreign  shipping  is  often  made  on  the 
ground  that  it  makes  no  difference  to  us  whether  our  goods  are  carried  in 
American  or  foreign  vessels.  Those  holding  this  view  lose  sight  of  the  fact  that 
commerce  consists  of  transportation  as  well  as  trade.  The  cost  of  freight  is  an 
export  of  the  country  owning  the  vessel  and  an  import  of  the  country  that  has 
to  pay  the  freight  to  foreign  vessel  owners.  The  money  received  by  ship  own- 
ers for  goods  carried  in  their  vessels  is  as  much  a  credit  to  their  country  as 
money  received  for  goods  exported,  and  money  paid  by  any  country  to  foreign 
ship  owners  for  freight  is  as  much  a  debit  as  money  paid  for  goods  imported, 
and  this  cost  forms  an  important  factor  in  adjusting  the  balance  of  trade. 

It  has  been  estimated  that  the  freight  and  insurance  on  vessels  carrying  the 
foreign  trade  costs  from  10  to  15  per  cent,  of  the  value  of  the  goods.  If  we 
take  the  lower  estimate  the  United  States  pays  out  about  $200,000,000  annually 
for  freight  to  foreign  ship  owners.  A  large  part  of  this  should,  and  under 
proper  laws  would,  be  paid  to  American  owners  and  in  this  way  decrease  the 
amount  payable  to  foreign  countries  for  our  imports. 


loS 

Comparison  of  Tonnage  of  the  United  Kingdom  and 
the  United  States  since  1850 


Tonnage  engaged  in  Foreign  Trade 
Tonnage  engaged  in  Domestic  Trade 
Amounts  in  thousands  of  tons 

Gross  tonnage  given  for  United  States 
Net  tonnage  given-fir  United  Kingdom 


I 


Tonnage  of  the  United  Kingdon  and  the  United  States. 


UNITED   KINGDOM 


UNITED   STATES 


Total  Tonnage               Tonnage  in 
Net                      Foreign  Trade 

Total  Tonnage 
Gross 

Tonnage  in 
Foreign  Trade 

1850. 

.  3,  137,000  tons      2,188,000  tons 

1850  . 

•  3,535,000  tons 

1,439,000  tons 

1860  . 

.  4,251,000 

3,082,000 

1860  . 

5,353,000 

• 

2,379,000     " 

1870  . 

•  5,559,ooo 

4,229,000 

1870  . 

.  4,246,000 

• 

1,448,000 

1880  . 

.  6,344,000 

5,213,000 

1880  . 

.  4,068,000 

4 

1,314,000 

1890  . 

.  7,915,000 

6,830,000 

1890  . 

.  4,424,000 

4 

928,000     " 

1900  . 

9,395,ooo 

8,290,000 

1900  . 

.  5,164,000      ' 

816,000     " 

io9 

Imports  and  Exports  of  Merchandise  of  Principal 
Countries  during  the  Years  1892  and  1902 

[NOTE.— Years  ending  December  31,  1892  and  1902,  unless  stated  otherwise;  imports  for  con- 
sumption and  exports  of  domestic  merchandise,  unless  stated  otherwise.] 


COUNTRIES 

IMPORTS 

EXPORTS 

1892 

1902 

1892 

1902 

Argentina  
Australia,  Coniw.  of, 
Austria-Hungary  .    . 
Belgium  

DOLLARS 
88,279   322 
2l83,3II,064 
252,763,703 
296,536,000 
14,919.000 
107,600,534 
58,29O,84O 
58,081,000 
170,386,647 
89,676,000 
44.939,191 
808,295,000 
956,415,000 
23,O26,OOO 
226,158,402 
226,464,653 
50,321,521 
51.181,158 
536,699,411 
53.596,500 
33,295,000 
202,947.970 
143,511,874 
98,752,000 
167,796,208 
2,062,392,926 
827,402,462 
I9,O3O,OOO 

DOLLARS 
99,432,882 
2  206,5O4,3I6 
349,283,319 
439,282,OOO 
13,751,000 
205,667,000 
156,261,393 
50,844,865 
203,420,565 
106,371,000 
73,229,003 
852,235.000 
1,316,609,000 
26,O34,OOO 
264,317,582 
342,428,428 
135,117,083 
71,360,000 
815,441,770 
78,869,000 
60,459,000 
269,839,OOO 
154,106,704 
123,195,000 
217,802.568 
2,573.698,572 
969,320,000 
24,565,000 

DOLLARS 
109,402,375 
2T75,2I2,872 
293.424,916 
264,302,000 
I4,4O6,OOO 
99,032,466 
446,  I7O,I26 
59,920.000 
123.156,376 
66,74I,OOO 

65,946,135 
667,922,000 
703,078,000 
15,876,000 
351,701,230 
184.930,133 
63,825,743 

47-374,537 
457,196,822 
31,847,200 
26,60I,000 

378.452,580 

128,450,  1  86 
86,558,000 
126,926.299 
1,105,748.606 
1,015,732,011 
26,834,000 

DOLLARS 

173.204,692 
.,241,794,530 

387,525.«45 
358,464,000 
2O,OII,OOO 
207,752,000 
477,05[,256 
62,723,425 
124,528,060 
78,290,000 
87,080,846 
817.725,000 
1,158.630,000 
15,466,000 
392,024,708 
284,174,782 
127.326,158 
88,289,000 
695J62,588 
45,146,500 
31.868,000 
422,498,OOO 
142,314.384 
94,736,000 
168,740,886 

L379847.3I3 
I,360,70I,000 
33,656,000 

Bulgaria.    .    .        .    . 
CanadaT  
Cape  of  Good  Hope 
Chile!  
China1     ...... 
Denmark!  
Egypt  
France    
Germany    
Greece    
India,  British-,  .    . 
Italy 

Japan  
Mexicofi  7    
Netherlands!     .    .    . 
Norway 

Portugal      
Russia3    
Spain  
Sweden,  
Switzerland   ... 
United  Kingdom9    . 
United  States9  8    .    . 
Uruguay     

1  Years  1891  and  1901,  ending  December  31. 
z  Exclusive  of  intercolonial  trade,  but  inclus- 
ive of  specie. 

3  Year  1892,  ending  June  30,  and  1902,  ending 

December  31. 

4  Including  raw  gold. 


5  Years  1892  and  1902,  ending  March  31. 

e  Year  1891,  ending  June  30,  and  1902,  ending 

December  31. 

7  Including  bullion  and  specie, 
s  Years  1891  and  1902  ending  December  31. 
9  General  imports. 


Manufactures  which  enter  into  the  international  commerce  of  the  world 
are  valued  at  $4,000,000,000. 

The  following  table  shows  the  total  value  of  manufactured  goods  imported 
into  and  exported  from  the  principal  countries  of  the  world: 


Imports  of 

Exports  of 

Imports  of 

Exports  of 

Mfrs. 

Mfrs. 

Mfrs. 

Mfrs. 

Argentina  .... 

.  $  67,717,000 

$     704,000 

Japan  

•  $  69,*95,°°° 

$    59,902,000 

Australia    .... 

.    156,204,000 

13,754,099 

Netherlands    .    . 

241,739.000 

231,510,000 

Austria-Hungary 

.    113,988,000 

187,364.000 

Norway  

33,  95.000 

12,083.000 

Belgium  

.    104,210,000 

178,840,000 

Portugal    .... 

23.986,000 

3  366,000 

Brazil  

43,020,000 

43,000 

Russia     

158,166,000 

56,069,000 

Canada   

.    112,506,000 

18,076,000 

Spain   

57,943.9°° 

41,330,000 

Denmark  .... 

•      39.855.000 

3.882.000 

Sweden  

51,835,000 

39,419,000 

France    

.    212.592,000 

§08,803,000 

Switzerland  .    .   . 

.      93,049.000 

113,111,000 

Germany   .... 

.    366,669,000 

24,051,000 

United  Kingdom 

.    725,75  >,ooo 

1,076,046,000 

Italy     

.    101,739,000 

73,373,°°°        United  States  .   . 

344,876,000 

403,631,000 

no 

Cities  of  the  United  States  producing  more  than  Twenty 

Million  Dollars'  worth  of  Manufactured 

Products  in  the  Census  Year, 

WITH  THE  LEADING  INDUSTRIES  IN  EACH. 

Amounts  given  in  Millions  of  Dollars. 

Akron,  O.,  23. — Rubber  and  elastic  goods,  5;  fdry.and  machine  shop  products,. 2. 

Albany,  N.  Y.,  24. — Cars  and  general  shop  construction,  2;  liquors,  malt,  2; 
printing  and  publishing,  book  and  job,  I. 

Allegheny,  Pa.,  54. — Iron  and  steel,  7;  foundry  and  machine  shop  products,  5: 
pickles,  preserves,  etc.,  4;  slaughtering  and  meat  packing,  wholesale,  3. 

Baltimore,  Md.,  161. — Clothing,  men's,  factory  product,  17;  fruits  and  vege- 
tables, canning  and  preserving,  8;  tobacco,  chewing,  smoking,  etc,  7; 
foundry  and  machine  shop  products,  6;  tinsmithing,  coppersmithing,  and 
sheet  iron  wyorking,  5;  oysters,  canning  and  preserving,  2. 

Bayonne,  N.  J.,  39. — Petroleum,  refining,  28. 

Boston,  Mass.,  206. — Sugar  aud  molasses,  refining,  15;  printing  and  publishing, 
newspapers  and  periodicals,  10;  foundry  and  machine  shop  products,  9; 
clothing,  men's,  factory  product,  8;  printing  and  publishing,  book  and 
job,  8;  liquors,  malt,  7;  clothing,  men's,  custom  work,  6. 

Bridgeport,  Conn.,  37. — Brass  castings  and  finishing,  4;  corsets,  3;  foundry 
and  machine  shop  products,  2. 

Brockton,  Mass. ,26. — Boots  and  shoes  (factory),  19;  boot  and  shoe  findings,  i. 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  342. — Sugar  and  molasses,  refining,  77;  fdry.  and  machine 
shop  products,  18;  coffee  and  spice,  roasting  and  grinding,  14;  liquors, 
malt,  n;  clothing,  men's  (factory),  6;  boots  and  shoes  (factory),  5;  cord- 
age and  twine,  5;  plumbing,  gas  and  steam  fitting,  5;  paints,  4;  lumber, 
planing  mill  products,  4;  tinsmithing,  etc.,  4;  confectionery,  4. 

Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  122. — Slaughtering  and  meat  packing,  wholesale,  9;  foundry 
and  machine  shop  products,  6;  oil,  linseed,  6;  cars  and  general  shop  con- 
struction, 4;  liquors,  malt,  4;  soap  and  candles,  3;  flouring  and  grist  mill 
products,  3;  lumber,  planing  mill  products,  3. 

Cambridge,  Mass.,  39. — Foundry  and  machine  shop  products,  3 ;  printing  and 
publishing,  newspapers  and  periodicals,  2;  printing  and  publishing,  book 
and  job,  i;  musical  instruments,  pianos,  etc.,  i. 

Camden,  N.  J..  20. — Worsted  goods,  2;  foundry  and  machine  shop  products,  i; 
oilcloth,  floor,  i;  leather,  tanned,  curried  and  finished,  i. 

Chicago,  111.,  888.— Slaughtering  and  meat  packing,  wholesale,  248;  foundry 
and  machine  shop  products,  44;  clothing,  men's,  factory  product,  36; 
iron  and  steel,  31:  agricultural  implements,  24;  cars,  steam  railroad,  19; 
printing  and  publishing,  book  and  job,  18;  clothing,  men's,  custom,  16; 
liquors,  malt,  14;  printing  and  publishing,  newspapers  and  periodicals, 
13;  coffee  and  spice,  roasting  and  grinding,  12;  furniture  (factory),  12. 

Cincinnati,  O.,  157. — Clothing,  men's( factory),  n;  foundry  and  machine  shop 
products,  ii ;  slaughtering  and  meat  packing,  wholesale,  9;  liquors,  dis- 
tilled, 9;  boots  and  shoes  (factor}'),  8;  liquors,  malt,  6;  carriages,  etc.,  6. 

Cleveland,  O.,  139. — Iron  and  steel,  24;  fdry.  and  machine  shop  products,  15; 
slaughtering  and  meat  packing,  wholesale,  7;  clothing,  women's,  factory 
product,  4;  liquors,  malt,  4. 

Columbus,  O.,  39— Iron  and  steel,  5;  foundry  and  machine  shop  products,  4; 
boots  and  shoes,  factory  product,  3;  cars  and  general  shop  construction, 
2;  carriages  and  wagons,  2. 

Dayton,  O.,  35. — Foundry  and  machine  shop  products,  4;  cash  registers,  4; 
tobacco,  cigars  and  cigarettes,  i;  agricultural  implements,  i;  slaughtering 
and  meat  packing,  wholesale,  i. 

Denver,  Col. ,41. —Foundry  and  machine  shop  products,  2:  flouring  and  grist 
mill  products,  i;  printing  and  publishing,  newspapers  and  periodicals,  i; 
liquors,  malt,  i;  cars  and  general  shop  construction,  i. 

Detroit,  Mich.,  100. — Foundry  and  machine  shop  products,  8;  druggists'  prep- 
arations, 4;  tobacco,  chewing,  smoking  and  snuff,  3;  iron  and  steel,  3;. 
slaughtering  and  meat  packing,  wholesale,  3. 


Ill 

Elizabeth,  N.  J.,  20. — Foundry  and  machine  shop  products,  4. 

Fall  River,  Mass.,  43. — Cotton  goods,  29;  dyeing  and  finishing  textiles,  2. 

Grand  Rapids,  Lvlich.,  .-.4. — Furniture,  factory  product,  7;  flouring  and  grist 
mill  products  i;  foundry  and  machine  shop  products,  i. 

Hartford,  Conn.,  31. — Foundry  and  machine  shop  products,  3;  bicycles  and 
tricycles,  2;  carriages  and  wagons,  i. 

Haverhill,  Mass.,  24. — Boots  and  shoes  (factory),  15;  hoot  and  shoe  cut  stock,  3. 

Holyoke,  Mass.,  26. — Paper  and  wood  pulp,  8;  cotton  goods,  3;  foundry  and 
machine  shop  products,  i;  woolen  goods,  i;  paper  goods,  n.  e.  s.,  i. 

Indianapolis,  Ind.,  68.— Slaughtering  and  meat  packing,  wholesale,  18;  fdry. 
and  machine  shop  products,  5;  flouring  and  grist  mill  products,  3;  carriages 
and  wagons,  2. 

Jersey  City,  N.  J.,  77. — Tobacco,  chewing,  smoking  and  snuff,  5;  slaughtering, 
wholesale,  not  including  meatpacking,  5;  cars  and  general  shop  construc- 
tion, 2;  chemicals,  2;  soap  and  candles,  2. 

Johnstown,  Pa.,  22. — Iron  and  steel,  17;  fdry.  and  machine  shop  products,  i. 

Joliet,  111.,  27. — Iron  and  steel,  13. 

Kansas  City,  Kan. ,82. — Slaughtering,  etc.,  wholesale,  73;  soap  and  candles,  i. 

Kansas  City,  Mo.,  36.— Flouring  and  grist  mill  products,  2;  confectionery,  i; 
printing  and  publishing,  newspapers  and  periodicals,  i. 

Lawrence,  Mass.,  44. — Worsted  goods,  24;  cotton  goods,  8;  flouring  mill 
products,  i;  fdry.  and  machine  shop  products  i;  paper  and  wood  pulp,  i. 

Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  21. — Foundry,  etc.,  products,  i;  flouring  mill  products,  i. 

Louisville,  Ky.,  78. — Tobacco,  chewing,  smoking  and  snuff,  13;  oil,  cotton 
seed  and  cake,  4;  slaughtering  and  meat  packing,  wholesale,  4;  foundry 
and  machine  shop  products,  3;  leather,  tanned,  curried  and  finished,  3. 

Lowell,  Mass.,  44.  —  Cotton  goods,  17;  foundry  and  machine  shop  products,  4; 
woolen  goods,  3;  hosiery  and  knit  goods,  3;  patent  medicines,  etc.,  r. 

Lynn,  Mass.,  41. — Boots  and  shoes,  factory  product,  16;  boot  and  shoe  cut 
stock,  7;  electrical  apparatus  and  supplies,  5;  leather,  tanned,  curried 
and  finished,  2;  patent  medicines  and  compounds,  i. 

McKeesport.  Pa.,  37. — Iron  and  steel,  34. 

Manchester,  N.  H.,  26.— Cotton  goods,  1 1 ;  boots  and  shoes,  factory  product,  4. 

Milwauke,  Wis.,  123. — Foundry  and  machine  shop  products,  14;  liquors,  malt, 
13:  leather,  tanned,  curried  and  finished,  10;  iron  and  steel,  7;  flouring 
and  grist  mill  products,  6;  slaughtering  and  meat  packing,  wholesale,  5; 
clothing,  men's,  factory  product,  3. 

Minneapolis,  Minn.,  110. — Flouring  and  grist  mill  products,  49;  lumber  and 
timber  products,  12;  foundry  and  machine  shop  products,  2;  lumber, 
planing  mill  products,  2;  oil,  linseed,  2. 

Newark,  N.  J.,  126. — Leather,  tanned,  curried  and  finished,  10;  liquors,  malt, 
8;  jewelry,  7;  foundry  and  machine  shop  products,  5;  fur  hats,  3;  chemi- 
cals, 3;  slaughtering  and  meat  packing,  wholesale,  3. 

New  Bedford,  Mass.,  25. — Cotton  goods,  16. 

New  Haven,  Conn.,  40. — Hardware,  2;  corsets,  i;  foundry  and  machine  shop 
products,  i;  cars  and  general  shop  construction,  i;  carriages  and 
wagons,  i. 

New  Orleans,  La.,  63. — Sugar  and  molasses,  refining,  22;  bags,  other  than 
paper,  3;  rice,  cleaning  and  polishing,  2;  foundry  and  machine  shop 
products,  2;  clothing,  men's,  factory  product.  2. 

New  York, N.  Y., 975  (Manhattan  and  Bronx). — Clothing,  women's,  (factory) , 
99;  clothing,  men's,  (factory),  97;  printing  and  publishing,  newspapers 
and  periodicals,  49;  tobacco,  cigars,  etc.,  35;  slaughtering,  wholesale,  not 
including  meat  packing,  33;  printing  and  publishing,  book  and  job,  25; 
liquors,  malt,  24;  foundry  and  machine  shop  products,  21;  millinery  and 
lace  goods,  20;  clothing,  men's,  custom,  18;  furnishing  goods,  men's,  17. 

Omaha,  Neb.,  43. — Liquors,  malt,  i. 

Omaha,  South,  Neb.,  70. — Slaughtering  and  me^t  packing,  whplesale,  67. 

Paterson,  N.  J.,  52. — Silk  and  silk  goods,  26;  foundry  and  machine  shop 
products,  5;  dyeing  and  finishing  textiles,  3;  liquors,  malt,  i. 

Pawtucket,  R.  I.,  24. — Cotton  goods,  4;  worsted  goods,  3;  foundry  and  ma- 
chine shop  products,  i;  dyeing  and  finishing  textiles,  i. 

Peoria,  111.,  43. — Liquors,  distilled,  26;  agricultural  implements,  2;  cooperage, 
i;  foundry  and  machine  shop  products,  i. 


112 

Philadelphia,  Pa.,  603. — Foundry  and  machine  shop  products,  38;  sugar  and 
molasses,  refining,  36;  carpets  and  rugs,  other  than  rag,  21;  clothing, 
men's,  factory  product,  18;  woolen  goods,  18;  leather,  tanned,  curried 
and  finished,  18;  worsted  goods,  16;  cotton  goods,  15;  printing  and  pub- 
lishing, newspapers  and  periodicals,  13;  hosiery  and  knit  goods,  13; 
liquors  malt,  12;  printing  and  publishing,  book  and  job,  10. 

Pittsburg,  Pa.,  203.— Iron  and  steel,  90;  foundry  and  machine  shop  products, 
15;  electrical  apparatus  and  supplies,  14;  ironwork,  architectural  and 
ornamental,  6;  liquors,  malt.  3;  marble  and  stone  work,  3. 

Portland,  Or.,  23. — Lumber  and  timber  products,  3;  flouring  and  grist  mill 
products,  i;  slaughtering  and  meat  packing,  wholesale,  I. 

Providence,  R.  I.,  88. — Worsted  goods,  16;  jewelry,  12;  foundry  and  machine 
shop  products,  9;  silverware,  3;  gold  and  silver,  reducing  and  refining,  3. 

Pueblo,  Cal.,  30. — Lead,  smelting  and  refining,  19;  foundry  and  machine  shop 
products,  i. 

Reading,  Pa.,  36. — Iron  and  steel,  9;  cars  and  general  shop  construction,  6; 
foundry  and  machine  shop  products,  2;  tobacco,  cigars  and  cigarettes,  i; 
hardware,  i. 

Richmond,  Va.,  28. — Tobacco,  chewing,  smoking,  and  snuff,  5;  tobacco,  cigars 
and  cigarettes,  4;  foundry  and  machine  shop  products,  2;  fertilizers,  i. 

Rochester,  N.  Y.,69. — Clothing,  men's,  factory  product,  u;  boots  and  shoes, 
factory  product,  6;  foundry  and  machine  shop  products,  4;  tobacco, 
cigars  and  cigarettes,  3;  flouring  and  grist  mill  products,  3. 

St.  Joseph,  Mo.,  31. — Slaughtering  and  meat  packing,  wholesale,  19;  clothing, 
men's,  factory  product,  I. 

St.  Louis,  Mo.,  233.— Tobacco,  chewing,  smoking  and  snuff,  24;  slaughtering 
and  meat  packing,  wholesale,  12:  liquors,  malt,  u;  foundry  and  ma- 
chine shop  products,  n;  boots  and  shoes,  factory  product,  8;  clothing, 
men's,  factory  product,  5;  printing  and  publishing,  newspapers  and  peri- 
odicals, 5;  cars,  steam  railroad,  4. 

St.  Paul,  Minn.,  38. — Printing  and  publishing,  newspapers  and  periodicals,  2; 
cars  and  general  shop  construction,  2;  foundry  and  machine  shop  prod- 
ucts, 2;  fur  goods,  i. 

San  Francisco,  Cal.,  133. — Sugar  and  molasses,  refining,  n;  foundry  and  ma- 
chine shop  products,  8;  slaughtering  and  meat  packing,  wholesale,  5; 
slaughtering,  wholesale,  not  including  meat  packing,  4;  tinsmithing,  cop- 
persmithing,  etc.,  4;  bottling,  4;  flouring  and  grist  mill  products,  3;  print- 
ing and  publishing,  newspapers  and  periodicals,  3;  clothing,  men's,  fac- 
tory product,  3;  clothing,  men's,  custom  work,  3. 

Scranton,  Pa.,  27.— Iron  and  steel,  10;  silk  and  silk  goods,  3;  foundry  and 
machine  shop  products,  i;  liquors,  malt,  i. 

Seattle,  Wash.,  26. — Slaughtering  and  meat  packing,  wholesale,  3;  lumber 
and  timber  products,  2;  flouring  and  grist  mill  products,  i. 

Somerville,  Mass.,  21. 

Springfield,  Mass.,  21. — Foundry,  etc.,  products,  i;   paper  goods,  n.  e.  s.,  i. 

Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  31. — Clothing,  men's,  factory  product,  2;  foundry  and  ma- 
chine shop  products,  2;  iron  and  steel,  i;  liquors,  malt,  i. 

Terre  Haute,  Ind.,  27. — Liquors,  distilled,  16;  flouring  mill  products,  i. 

Toledo,  O.,  37. — Flouring  mill  products,  4;  fdry.  and  machine  shop  products, 
2;  bicycles  and  tricycles,  i;  liquors,  malt,  i;  tinsmithing,  etc.,  i. 

Trenton,  N.  J.,  31. — Iron  and  steel,  13;  pottery,  terra  cotta,  etc.,  4;  rubber 
and  elastic  goods,  i. 

Troy,  N.  Y.,  28. — Furnishing  goods,  men's,  8;  shirts,  4;  foundry  and  machine 
shop  products,  i;  liquors,  malt,  i. 

Washington,  D.  C.,47. — Printing  and  publishing,  book  and  job,  5;  engraving, 
steel,  2;  ordnance  and  ordnance  stores,  2;  plumbing  and  gasfitting,  i; 
printing  and  publishing,  newspapers  and  periodicals,  i. 

Waterbury,  Conn  ,  33. — Brassware,  8;  brass  castings  and  finishing,  5. 

Wilmington,  Del.,  34. — Leather,  tanned,  curried  and  finished,  9;  foundry  and 
machine  shop  products,  3;  cars,  steam  railroad,  3;  iron  and  steel,  2;  cars 
and  general  shop  construction,  i. 

Worcester,  Mass.,  53. — Foundry  and  machine  shop  products,  8;  boots  and 
shoes,  factory  product,  i;  woolen  goods,  i;  wirework,  i. 

Youngstown,  O.,  34. — Iron  and  steel,  28;  fdry.  and  machine  shop  products,  i. 


THE  PHILADELPHIA  MUSEUMS 

W.  P.  WILSON,  sc.  D.,  DIRECTOR 

BOARD  OF  TRUSTEES 

The  Governor  of  Pennsylvania;  the  Mayor  of  Philadelphia;  the 
Presidents  of  Select  and  Common  Councils;    the  President  of  the 
Board  of  Public  Education;  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruc- 
tion, and  the  State  Forestry  Commissioner  are  all  ex  officio  members. 
Daniel  Baugh,  Simon  Gratz, 

Wilson  H.  Brown,  William  S.  Harvey, 

Thomas  Dolan,  William  W.  Supplee, 

Theodore  N.  Ely,  John  Wanamaker, 

Robert  H.  Foederer,  Charles  F.  Warwick, 

W.  W.  Foulkrod,  W.  P.  Wilson, 

Ellis  A.  Gimbel,  Sydney  L.  Wright. 


The  Board  maintains  the  Commercial  Museum  and  a  Com- 
mercial Library,  and  is  accumulating  material  for  a  group  of  city 
museums  devoted  to  public  education,  ethnology,  economics,  eco- 
nomic botany  and  general  science. 

The  Commercial  Museum  comprises  collections  illustrating  the 
production  and  commerce  of  all  nations.  A  Bureau  of  Informa- 
tion collates  all  available  data  regarding  the  subject  of  foreign 
trade,  and  distributes,  upon  application,  reports  tending  to  the 
extension  of  American  trade  abroad. 

The  Commercial  Library  is  free  to  the  public  and  contains 
books  bearing  particularly  on  the  subjects  of  international  trade, 
production,  transportation,  banking,  economics,  and  municipal  affairs. 

The  Bureau  of  Information,  Commercial  Library  and  executive 
offices,  together  with  a  part  of  the  collections  of  the  Commercial 
Museum  and  an  extensive  collection  of  foreign  trade  samples,  are 
located  at  233  South  Fourth  Street,  and  are  open  daily,  except 
Sundays  and  legal  holidays,  from  9  A.  M.  to  5  P.  M.,  Saturdays 
to  12  M.  An  extensive  series  of  collections  belonging  to  the  Com- 
mercial Museum  and  illustrating  particularly  South  American, 
Asiatic  and  African  countries,  and  also  general  collections  acquired 
in  the  development  of  the  remaining  contemplated  museums,  are 
located  at  Thirty-fourth  Street  and  Vintage  Avenue,  West  Phila- 
delphia. 

The  Museums  are  maintained  by  an  annual  appropriation  from 
the  City  of  Philadelphia,  and  the  Bureau  of  Information  by  contri- 
butions from  business  firms  and  individuals  desiring  special  service. 


14  DAY  USE 

RETURN  TO  DESK  FROM  WHICH  BORROWED 

LOAN  DEPT. 

This  book  is  due  on  the  last  date  stamped  below,  or 

on  the  date  to  which  renewed. 
Renewed  books  are  subject  to  immediate  recall. 


8 


LD  21A-60m-3,'65 
(F2336slO)476B 


General  Library 

University  of  California 

Berkeley 


YC  39287 


